Students Managing Finances

Students Managing Finances Free Online Research Papers Abstract A student that can say that he or she will be able to manage their finances on their own, and actually manage them is very rare to come by. Having the knowledge to budget and maintain your finances, does not just happen. Teaching children how to save and invest are great starting points to start them off to a successful lifestyle. Young adults getting out of high school and starting college have to know how credit can affect them in their futures. Knowing how to start a budget and sticking to it, and excluding expenditures that are not necessary on a student’s budget can outline the difference to staying on top of your finances or being in debt. Students Managing Their Finances Financially smart and confident students seem to be a rare exception to most of the student population. Being financially stable is hard for students. With so many obstacles and temptations that entice young adults starting school, there are credit companies that market for the unwise high school and college freshman, to the upperclassmen that like to live outside their means. Starting a Financially smart students starts at a young age, and begins with their parents. After these lessons are planted, how can students continue with their financial stability? Starting on the Right Path of Financial Success Begins at a Young Age? Some common misconceptions that people make are that males are more responsible with their money, when females are frivolous and don’t worry about saving their money. Does gender play a part in the way people become financially stable? Starting students on the right path begins with their parents. Children learn from their parents and how the parents play each role. Andrea Rock, (2005) found that children pick up most of what they know by observing their parents, particularly their mothers. Showing children from a young age that saving and investing their money is a productive thing to do. Showing children â€Å"young students† how to start and maintain a financial plan, are the foundations of making a smart and efficient student with his or her finances, making the students life just that much easier when the financial smarts are needed later. Staying Ahead With Credit History When it comes to maintaining your credit, which is a major factor in an adults life. Aspects in a student’s life can majorly affect his or her credit history. Nellie Mae, (2002) found that 83% of all undergraduate students had one or more credit cards. For students to manage their credit history, the student has to be responsible with his or her loans and credit cards. As stated by Dan Beucke, (2005), 80% of upperclassmen think they are knowledgeable enough to manage their finances after school. Only to find that 32% missed or have been late on a payment, 24% have written a check that bounced, and 17% had to face a bill collector. Knowing how to stay away from the high interest rate credit cards, the minimum monthly payment traps, and many other mistakes can help an under or upperclassmen maintain their credit history throughout their post college life. Building a Solid Financial Plan Building a financial plan may be difficult and frightening, but once it is established it is like a weight that has been lifted. Creating a budget and sticking to it is one of the foremost important skills to get started. Students who are used to living outside of their means, this can be that much more difficult. Living like a student is crucial to sticking to a budget. Overcoming the obstacle that keeping a budget brings, then disqualify and stop expenses that are not used monthly but paid monthly. When cutting small expenses not needed in a month and redirecting those expenses to a savings account, those small amounts add up over time. Sticking to the simple efforts that only students put into effect for themselves can result to a solid and stable financial lifestyle. Conclusion With everything that is stacked up for students, either it being schoolwork to home life. Being financially stable it essential to staying afloat in today’s economy. Being able to handle credit and maintaining it correctly is a good source to solidifying that financial plan. Finances follow students throughout life, and continue throughout the life of their children. When the right lessons are learned early in a student’s life, it can grow and prosper to a life of stability. References Rock, A. (2005) Take The Gender Out Of Money Smarts. Money, 34(4), 71 Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Nellie Mae, (2002). Undergraduate students and credit cards: An analysis of usage rates and trends. Retrieved from nellliemae.com/library/research.html Beucke, D. (2005). CREDIT 101. BusinessWeek, (3939), 13. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Research Papers on Students Managing FinancesLifes What IfsStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part One

Other, Another and A Whole Nuther

Other, Another and A Whole Nuther Other, Another and â€Å"A Whole Nuther† Other, Another and â€Å"A Whole Nuther† By Maeve Maddox Joan writes: So often I hear people use the word â€Å"nuther† when they mean â€Å"other†. Like in â€Å"thats a whole nuther story.†How did this happen? First, I don’t think that the word â€Å"nuther/nother† is being substituted for the word â€Å"other† in this expression. Rather, the word â€Å"whole† is being inserted between elements of the word another: a-whole-nother. It could be jocular usage, or it could be an example of metanalysis: The reinterpretation of the form of a word resulting in the creation of a new word; esp. the changing of the boundaries between words or morphological units. Our word apron, for example, used to be napron, but speakers hearing the words â€Å"a napron† thought they were hearing â€Å"an apron.† The same thing happened with auger, adder and umpire. Working in the other direction, what we call a newt used to be an ewt(e). Some speakers may try to correct a whole nuther story to the ungrammatical a whole other story with the result that the latter may become a common usage. As to how it happened A whole nuther/nother story has caught on because people who hear it like it. It also fits the patterns of English speech. The OED, for example, offers several uses of nother, most of them obsolete, but the word has a long history in the language. The Old English word oà ¾er meant â€Å"a second of two.† The merger of an (one) with other is documented from 1225. Another is different from the other: another refers indefinitely to any further member of a series of indeterminate extent. the other points to the remaining determinate member of a known series of two or more. I don’t think a whole nuther belongs in the speech or writing of news announcers or journalists who have a responsibility to adhere to standard usage, but its informal use in conversation doesn’t pain my grammar nerve. On the other hand, as blogger Dan Myers points out, if we use such constructions in jest, they will eventually come out of our mouths in earnest. Whats a Napron? an article of mine that appeared long ago in Highlights for Children. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesProbable vs. PossibleArtist vs. Artisan

Adolf Hitler was evil but not monstrous Research Paper

Adolf Hitler was evil but not monstrous - Research Paper Example itler, it is clear that the urge to establish peace and salvage Germany at a moment of crisis drove him to perpetrate the crimes that jeopardized his good reputation as an intelligent leader. In reality, his main aim was to streamline the economy of the country and make Germany a super power. In this effect, Adolf Hitler was an evil but not a monstrous leader. The evil side of Hitler is more pronounced than his good side in regard to his use of power within the time he led in Germany. Roberts notes that Adolf Hitler was an evil leader who fled the war that would span across the whole world and end in the worst suffering of human beings. Robert terms the First World War as â€Å"†¦ one of the worst crimes mankind has ever committed, the Holocaust† (7). In this war, over ten million of human beings lost their lives and many more became victims of suffering. His role as an army in the war depicts him as one of the most evil persons who was pleased with the suffering of the human beings. It is during the period of the war that Hitler started his anti-Semitism movement, which culminated into the suffering of the Jews. From this angle, it is clear that Hitler was a man who did not fear participating in evil. When Hitler gained political power in Germany, he perpetrated a lot of evil against human kind. His discrimination of the Jews depicts him as one the most evil leaders that could do anything to pursue his goals. Over the history of Germany, the people had a presumption that the Jews backstabbed the country and that they were the unloyal lot that betrayed the country. Roberts notes that â€Å"the idea that Jews had stabbed Germany in the back†¦. Was a lie† (14). However, Hitler’s reaction to this rumor was severe and especially on the part of the Jews. He formed concentration camps where he ordered the torture of Jews in a situation that was worse than any prison. In these camps, the Jews were starved and the quantity of food that they ate was just enough for

Evaluate the claim that migrants represent a threat to the UK economy Essay

Evaluate the claim that migrants represent a threat to the UK economy - Essay Example In a radio interview, for instance, Seimon Glynn, a rural British resident commented: â€Å"We are faced with a situation now where we are getting tidal waves of migration, inward migration into our rural areas from England, and these people are coming here to live to establish themselves here, and to influence our communities and our culture with their own. (____________________, p167) This state pretty much summed up the prevailing attitude towards immigration in the UK. It was made in reference to "inward migration," the influx of new inhabitants that are actually British subjects themselves. With the issue of foreign migration, the resentment and general negative opinion about alien workers are certainly more antagonistic and hostile. With Glynn's point of view, the two general claims against immigration were highlighted: first is that immigration takes away jobs and drain resources; and, secondly, they influence and change communities. This paper will examine if immigration, in deed, harms the UK economy in the context of these two areas. Effect on Cultural Homogeneity A fundamental consequence of immigration is multiculturalism and diversity. There is a persistent notion that they erode and threaten social cohesion and solidarity in Britain. It is not unlike a case about â€Å"they† and â€Å"us† or the concept of â€Å"otherness† that is quite at home with the British society’s imperial past and tendency to side with unity instead of diversity. What this circumstance contributes in the economic discourse of immigration is to reinforce and legitimize the view that diversity taxes obligations behind good society and the welfare state. As wave upon wave of immigrants arrive on British soils, more and more citizens are becoming concerned about the way the state would be obligated to support their needs. Hayes, for example, quipped that â€Å"refugees have begun to look like beggars at the gate, or even thieves† establishing the argument about how immigrants are becoming costly, burdensome, needy, and, hence, undesir able for the kingdom. (cited in Cohen, Humphries and Mynott 2002, p30) Indeed, as a welfare state, Britain is forced to support immigrants with benefits, usually in the form of services as well as cash through a national dispersal system. The prevailing perspective is that this would be unfair to citizens who have to share with the foreign population the services and benefits that their taxes have paid for. Then there is the issue of whether the state of the government’s finances could bear the brunt of these additional mouths to feed. As has been demonstrated in the way foreign workers were perceived to be a burden, the influx of immigrants to the United Kingdom, for some sectors, is seen to have a negative impact on the value of rights and privileges of the British citizens. For instance, the right to buy land of citizens may rightly be infringed or that as the government grants access to the labour market without any effective mechanism that regulate the way employers hire foreign workers by ensuring that it there is no available or suitable workers available in the country. (International Organization for Migration, p50-51) This aspect in the immigration controversy is quite complicated because it is tainted by bias and prejudice. The fact is that immigrants are highly restricted by the government. The stringent procedures and requirements for migrant workers ensure that those accepted into the country are only those desirable and those that could contribute to the UK economy. Cohen, Humphries

International development project analysis Essay Example for Free

International development project analysis Essay Introduction: †¢ New science, technologies and ideas are crucial for the achievement of the goals, but global research investments are insufficient to match needs and do not focus on the priorities of the poor. †¢ Many technological and policy innovations require an international scale of research effort. †¢ DFID’s (Department for International Development) Central Research Department (CRD) commissions research to help fill this gap, aiming to ensure tangible outcomes on the livelihoods of the poor. †¢ CRD seeks to influence the international and UK research agendas, putting poverty reduction and the needs of the poor at the forefront of global research efforts. †¢ CRD manages long-term research initiatives that cut across individual countries or regions, and only funds activities if there are clear opportunities and mechanisms for the research to have a significant impact on poverty. †¢ CRD works closely with DFID’s Chief Scientific Adviser to maintain external links, particularly with UK Science, Whitehall and political stakeholders, to promote DFID’s agenda. †¢ DFID is seeking views to help it develop a new research strategy 2008-2013. Your chance to get involved When developing policies, it is recognized that consulting with a wide range of interested groups helps to ensure that the impact of its proposals on different sectors of society is taken into account. Public consultations are carried out wherever possible as recommended in the Code of Practice on Consultations by the Cabinet Office in January 2004. The Code aims to increase the involvement of individuals and groups in public consultations, minimizing the burden it imposes on them, and giving them enough time to respond. This guidance is used in conjunction with the compact between the government and the voluntary and community sector which includes a specific code of good practice on ‘Consultation and Policy Appraisal’. If you would like to take part in DFID public consultations, information will be posted on these pages. . . . Page-2 Page-2 Consultation The Cabinet Office is conducting a review of Consultation Policy to see how Government consultations can be improved and is keen to hear your views. As the centre–piece of this review, Hilary Armstrong MP, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Social Exclusion, has launched a paper entitled â€Å"Effective Consultation† to seek evidence on Government consultations. The consultation is aimed at anyone with an interest in responding to government consultation exercises, from those who regularly respond to the Governments consultations to those who might be interested in doing so. These might include business organizations, voluntary and charitable sector organizations, campaigning bodies, trades unions, citizens, etc. The Better Regulation Executive is keen to meet with people who have experience of Government consultations and to discuss with them how Government consultations can be improved. The BRE is therefore organizing a series of events with Government Offices including two, larger, public seminars on the subject. †¢ Annual Reports: Assessment of performance on government consultations. †¢ Code of Practice: The Cabinet Office Code of Practice on Consultation sets out the basic principles for conducting effective Government consultations. †¢ Consultation Guidance: Guidance for running consultations in government. †¢ Current Cabinet Office Consultations: A list of current Cabinet Office consultations with links for more information. †¢ Government Consultations: Links to departmental consultation websites. †¢ Effective Consultation Events: Further details on the Better Regulation Executives program of Consultation events. The following eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were agreed at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 and nearly 190 countries have subsequently signed up to them. The eight Millennium Development Goals: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education. 3. Promote gender equality and empower women. 4. Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health. 6. Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. 8. Develop a global partnership for development. . . . Page-3 Page-3 REPORTS AND FORMATS Annual Report Format for DFID-contracted Research Programmes Front cover with Title of Research Programme, Reference Number and the Period Covered by the report. Include a table of contents, annexes, etc. , as necessary. 1. Background Information Title of Research Programme: Reference Number: Period covered by report: Name of lead institution and Director: Key partners: Countries covered by research: Planned Actual Start Date: End Date: Total programme budget: 2. One page summary (A narrative focussing on two main questions: (i) How far have intended outputs as listed in the logframe been achieved? And (ii) What is the impact of the research programme so far? ) 3. Key Themes Progress towards outputs and impact What are the research outputs? Outputs OVIs Progress Recommendations/Comments Where are the research impacts? Purpose OVIs Progress Recommendations/Comments 4. Lessons learnt †¢ Working with Partners †¢ Good Practice/Innovation †¢ Project/programme Management †¢ Communication 5. Programme Management Annual Report Summary sheet for R4D 1. Background Information Title of research programme: Reference Number: Period covered by report: Name of lead institution and Director: Key partners: Countries covered by research: Start Date for research programme: End Date for research programme: 2. One page summary 3. Products and Publications Inception Phase Report Format Front cover with Title of Research Programme, Reference Number and the Period Covered by the report. Include a table of contents, annexes, etc. , as necessary. 1. Background Information Title of research programme: Reference Number: Period covered by report: Name of lead institution and Director: Key partners: Countries to be covered by research: 2. A document of overall plans to complement your research proposal and setting out: †¢ Themes. †¢ Planned activities. †¢ Areas for development during life of the research program. †¢ Where appropriate, a response to referees comments on the original research proposal and/or any comments or note of endorsement from the CAG/CARG. 3. Finalized log frame 4. Plans for capacity development 5. The Management structure for the research program 6. Ongoing monitoring arrangements for the research program 7. Communication strategy 8. Annual activity plan 9. Detailed financial plan.

Abortion in Australia Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essay

Abortion in Australia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our world today is full of unsolved, devisive and controversial issues. Most of them relate to our morals, ethics and religion, thus creating a very strong ‘yes’ and ‘no’, or ‘good’ and ‘bad’ side. Like the Chinese Yin and Yang sign, abortion has a very prominent ‘black’ and ‘white’ side but also contains traces of each in the alternating colour. This shows that if you were to come to any kind of conclusion on abortion, there would still be a downside to it, and that is primarily why the world cannot agree on this sensitive and emotional issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being female myself, I can understand why a woman would want to have an abortion. Being pregnant and wishing you weren’t is probably the worst feeling a woman can have. Knowing that if you brought a child into the world and you didn’t want it, or you would have to give it up for adoption is such a disheartening way to start off, and you and the un-born child would be so much better off if you were to terminate the pregnancy and wait for a more appropriate time, or in the case of rape, put the past behind you and move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society has attached a stigma to abortion. When we hear of women having abortions, we seem to automatically think that she wasn’t careful enough, or she didn’t use contraception. We forget to stop and think about the other possible reasons she may have accidentally become pregnant. Just forgetting to take one pill per packet can reduce it’s effectiveness and also taking anti-biotics, or being ill can also undermine the way the pill works. Condoms can tear or be forgotten, and emergency contraceptives like the ‘morning after’ pill are underprescribed and not readily available. Would it surprise you that over 50% of women getting an abortion in Britain used some form of contraception when they got pregnant? This obviously shows that women are having huge problems with using contraception, and something needs to be done about it now. Starting by educating women more on the pill and the way it works, the after effects of abortion, and the risks of having an abortion. We don’t want abortion to become the easy way out though. People just need to know more about it and have to satisfy specific criteria before having the pregnancy terminated, for instance by interviews with doctor’s, given unbiased advice, and consultations with peop... ...at Justice Menhennit ruled that abortion was legal in Australia, to protect the life or health of the woman. This has made abortion available to all who need it, and women can go to Family Planning Centres all over Australia and receive the advice and support that they need. So far about 20,000 Victorian women have an abortion in a year, but that doesn’t compare to the statistics in Britain where 1 in every 4 women will have an abortion at some stage. Lets just keep abortion as the very last option and not travel down the path in which Britain and the USA are heading. We don’t want babies getting thrown out in bins like vegetable waste now do we Works Cited: 1) â€Å"Doctor quits, cites anti-abortion threats† http://www.washingtonpost.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic 2) â€Å"Half UK Women seeking abortion used contraception† http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/nm/999013/sc/health_contraception_2.html 3) Abortion Information http://www.medico.abort.jk24/ss_health.com 4) â€Å"Scotland Church Chided on Abortion† http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/19991011/wl/scotland_pregnancy_4.html 5) Abortion at Family Planning Centres 171 Berkeley Street, Carlton, 3053 Melbourne, Australia

Relationships in Love Medicine

Rachel Robinson April 15, 2013 Multicultural Literature Christian Davis Relationships in Love Medicine Love Medicine is a series of short stories that was written by Lousie Erdrich in 1984 and covers a time span of 60 years. Love Medicine is set in North Dakota on an Indian reservation known as Turtle Mountain. Although the novel is fiction, the cultural, social, and economical aspects depicted are very realistic. Hertha Sweet Wong describes Love Medicine as â€Å"Metafiction, ironically self-conscious in its mode of telling, concerned as much with exploiting the process of storytelling as with the story itself. (35) Erdrich’s Love Medicine is not so much based on plot as on several key relationships. These relationships include; the love triangle between Marie, Nector, and Lulu; June and how her death made an impact on other characters and Lipsha a key figure to understanding the novel. June is introduced at the beginning of the novel by telling the story of her death. Altho ugh June is dead through the entire novel her memory lives on as her family and friends recall memories they shared with June and even some of their own memories throughout the novel. June will figure throughout the novel as a touchstone for the other characters† (Sweet Wong 57) June’s death affected all of the characters in the novel. June is â€Å"†¦the erratic and once vivacious beauty of the family†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as described by Sweet Wong. (38) June left behind her husband Gordie and her son King, along with her lover Gerry whom she also had a son with named Lipsha. Every character in the book is impacted by June’s death. June is said to be â€Å"the catalyst for the narrations that follow, stories that trace the intricate and often antagonistic relationships in the two families from which she came† (Sweet Wong 38).Junes son, King, buys a car with the money he receives from his mother’s death. The car is a shiny new sports car, which the o thers do not go near to because they are afraid that it is a ghost. June’s death also affected her niece Albertine’s relationship with her family. Albertine’s mother did not invite Albertine to the wedding but instead sent her a letter explaining to her that her Aunt June was dead and already buried. Albertine was very upset with her mother and refused to speak with her because of the way she handled the situation.Lipsha Morrissey is June’s abandoned son and is arguably the key figure to understanding the whole novel. Lipsha is the one who makes the love medicine, from which the title of the novel comes from. Lipsha’s first attempt at using the love medicine was for his grandparents who were on the verge of splitting because his grandfather, Nector, does not love his grandmother, Marie, anymore. Lipsha fails in getting a blessing from the priest and a nun and therefore makes the medicine incorrectly. He then tries to give it to his grandfather but he refuses to take it suspecting foul play.Lipsha knows that the medicine will not work unless both his grandmother and grandfather take the medicine so his grandmother, who also wanted to resolve the relationship, forces her husband to eat the heart. She forces it down his throat and Lipsha’s grandfather ends up chocking and dying from it. This causes Lipsha to realize that his meddling with the love medicine was very dangerous and not something to take lightly. Lipsha is a key figure to the novel because he shows how the love medicine is very dangerous.Lipsha learned a lesson through his actions of meddling with the love medicine. Lipsha shows us what happens when the love medicine is misused. â€Å"I could tell him it was all my fault for playing with power I did not understand. Maybe he'd forgive me and rest in peace† (212-13). Lipsha acts based upon how he feels rather than what is logical. He really understands the meaning and purpose of life. Lipsha sees how his grandmother, Marie, is hurting and helps her out. Nector has a confusing and complex relationship with two women, Lulu and Marie that unfolds throughout the novel.According to Hertha Sweet Wong, â€Å"Nector also articulates the strategy he will follow throughout the course of his life: he goes consistently with the current never fighting very strongly if at all† (62). Although Nector married Marie he loves Lulu and cannot get pass these feeling for her. Nector’s marriage with Marie is pretty happy until he realizes he is still in love with Lulu. Nector begins having an affair with Lulu that lasts for five years. Although the affair is intended for Nector to finally get what he has yearned for his whole life it suddenly turns into a complicated mess.What started as a carefree affair with the love of his life turned into a strict scheduling of when he as to see Lulu and get time away from Marie. The relationship became serious and turned into something that Nector need ed. He made Lulu into what seemed like a second wife and turned this care free love into a chore. Nector became controlling over Lulu and wanted her to only be his. Everything increased in complexity when Lulu had Nectors child. Nector gets fed up with the double relationships tries to leave Lulu. Once he realizes he cannot bear to be without her he decides to tell Marie he is leaving her for Lulu.To add to the complexity of the situation, Nector accidentally burns down Lulu’s house in the middle of all of this. With the mess of events Nector caused he ends up staying with Marie until he is out in a retirement home at an old age. At this retirement home Nector has very poor memory. Lipsha tells us of how Nector begins an affair with Lulu once again at the retirement home. Marie is desperate for Nector to remain faithful to her and searches for a way for him to be forced to. Her solution is to ask for help from Lipsha to make love medicine that will keep Nector faithful.Lipsha messes up in the process of making the medicine and Nector ends up dying from it. This seemed to be the only way to ultimately resolve the conflict between the women. â€Å"Love Medicine is a powerful novel. It develops hard, clear pictures of Indian people struggling to hold their lives together, hanging on to the edge of the reservation or fighting to make a place for themselves in bleak mid-western cities or devising ingenious ways to make more break for freedom, but its most remarkable quality is how it manages to give new form to oral tradition† (Sweet Wong 42).The characters in Love Medicine intermingled and interacted with each other in a way that takes priority over the plot of the novel. June was not alive throughout the novel but her death and figure played a very significant role in the novel. â€Å"June’s loss will underscore each character’s sense of identity when the tribal community and, concomitantly, each character’s potential for survi val† (Sweet Wong 57) Lipsha is a very important, if not the most important, character in the novel.Lipsha was the one who made the love medicine and intermingled in the other people’s love lives. Nector’s love triangle with Lulu and Marie is a complicating mess that is a key part to the novel. Nector was never satisfied with what he got and always wanted more. In the end he could not have what he wanted and ended up with neither of the women. All Marie wanted was for Nector to stay faithful to her but Nector’s heart belonged to Lulu.

Do We Pay Athletes Too Much?

Do professional athletes get paid too much? In my personal opinion: No In this modern era this is an ethical issue that comes up more and more often. This has been brought up especially in times of economic hardship and the recession whereby families are really struggling to make ends meet with unemployment, delay of retirement and general reductions in disposable income. During this paper it shall be discussed how the ethical issue of high wages came about, why it is an issue, who is affected and what actions can be taken. Why is there this ethical problem?To put it simply, it is a matter of personal opinion and knowledge on whether you believe professional athletes in the United States should get paid the level of wages that they do. Below is a chart produced by Canbridge University which gives an introductory represenation of the salaries professional athletes earn annually. From June 2008 to June 2009, the highest paid professional athlete, Tiger Woods, made $110 million accordin g to Forbes. Also on their list, at number two, was Kobe Bryant making $45 million, and Michael Jordan with the same amount (and Michael Jordan hasn’t played in quite a while! . According to Forbes Magazine, the highest paying â€Å"regular† job in the U. S. during 2009 was that of a surgeon. The average annual pay of a surgeon last year was $206,770 (also out of Forbes). While the average pay for classroom teachers in the United States is $38,000 per year. At that rate, a teacher would need a little more than 27 years to make $1 million — less than half what a basketball player makes, on average, in just one year. The average pay for fire-fighters in the United States is around $40,000. The starting salary for police officers in the United States is around $29,000.Do athletes deserve more money than fire-fighters or teachers — people who hold what many consider being more valuable jobs? This is the basis of where this ethical problem comes about. Some pe ople work their entire life trying to make a living to support the families they have and have a very hard time trying to live near the poverty line. Some of the jobs they have to take to support their families are hard, manual labor jobs that they have to work at for 12 hours at a time. For example, adults that work in fast food estaurants usually work long days so they can make enough money to support a family, because minimum wage doesn’t go far in today’s world. Single parents usually work even harder than families that have two incomes helping to support them. The average professional football player gets paid almost $2 million and they’re not even the highest paid professional sport. Basketball players make the most out of all pro sports with the average salary being $5 million and the only thing they have to do is practice and play in games (FreeMoneyFinance).However it is rarely considered how much tax and good these athletes do in helping our economy. I n the banking business it is known as the ‘jock tax’ and when understood, people will not be so judgmental. For federal purposes, professional athletes are taxed in the same manner as other taxpayers: gross income less deductions equals taxable income. Federal tax is computed without regard to your state of residency (home state), or where the employer/team is located (team state). The current top federal tax rate is 35%, starting at taxable income of $319,101 (2004, single filing status) (ZZLR. om). Now to tax that level for an athlete that earns millions of dollars a year is creating some useful revenue for states and the government that no one can argue with. Another reason why athletes do not get overpaid is the wrong attitude that some people posses. For example people say, â€Å"Oh, I would hit a baseball for millions of dollars a year. † Well, I’m sorry you can’t. These athletes are unbelievably blessed with talent. All of these players have such immense and extraordinary ability that they make the game look effortless.In fact, good luck hitting a 96 MPH fastball moving down and in on your hands with a wood bat. If you were to put one of these players with a cluster of amateurs, they would stand out to such a degree, it would be astonishing. So, is nine months out of the year devoid of a vacation easy for you? Is travelling to different cities approximately every three days across the nation undemanding for you? Is being away from your family for most of the year trouble-free for you? Is hitting a 96 MPH fastball effortless for you? You are starting to deserve that pay check.People say it is just a game and athletes shouldn’t be paid so much. It is not just a game. Billions and billions of dollars get dumped into professional sports. In fact, professional sports are the 11th most lucrative business in the entire world (UPENN. EDU). It is a form of entertainment and people are willing to pay the big bucks to watch these athletes perform. If nobody came to watch, they wouldn’t get paid what they do. The fans pay the wages after all. In economical terms demand for high performing sports stars is high while there are a few numbers of them.This makes their wages high. Direct affect this issue applies to, of course, is professional athletes†¦ along with their respected affiliated clubs/teams who pay their salaries. In certain examples such as that of soccer team Manchester City, which runs with a loss, is kept afloat by a Middle Eastern royal family so in that case they pay player’s wages. Indirectly effected parties include those who contribute to the funding of high wages. Examples of these include supporters going to games, television networks paying licence fees, the public paying for cable to watch the games.One of the options discussed would be to cut player’s salaries. Now this could have profound consequences for many directly and indirectly involved. Firstly, th e quality of sportsman would diminish. This is a general mental happening that when you reduce a person’s reward for something, more often than not, they will reduce their work ethic consequently. The knock on affect of this would be that people would then find sports less entertaining which is a social consequence as people need entertainment.After this it would probably be assumed that this industry that employs millions of people, the 11th largest industry in business, could start to struggle with the consequential fall in demand†¦ due to a fall in quality. People would indirectly be affected as the level of taxation that these athletes would drop and consequently affect the economy negatively not to mention the reduced spending the economy would see as they would have less disposable income. This would affect other people through job s and welfare.For example, if a professional footballer does not buy a boat in Florida then the company who makes the boat would lose o ut. Welfare wise, the federal governments would have less money to put towards benefits to help those less fortunate. Similar to this charities would find themselves losing out also as the athletes would probably donate less as they would have less wealth to offer. This would, again, influence people negatively. To partly reduce this ethical dilemma however it can be seen that wage caps could be introduced.These have been introduced in major competitions including: NFL, NHL, English Rugby Union and NBA. However there are pros and cons to the idea. For example, the  NBA salary cap  is the limit to the total amount of money that  National Basketball Association  teams are allowed to pay their players. It is defined by the  league's collective bargaining agreement  (CBA). The actual amount of the  salary cap  varies on a year-to-year basis, and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season; for instance, in  2007–08, the NBA's s alary cap was approximately US$55.   million per team, and for the  2008–09  season it was $58. 68  million (NBA. com). Now, before it is discussed how the cap could be deemed pointless, it must be considered that if this system is done properly then wages would not go above and beyond relative figures when considering a leagues income. If a league sees more demand (television rights, franchise, etc) and therefore gains more revenue then it should be passed onto the players, surely. The issue here is that the actual problem of high wages is not stopped†¦ only in certain situations capped.To put across this point, in all but one season the revenue of NBA has been reduced. The reaction to this is that wages have also, in respect, gone up in a positive correlation. In conclusion, it is well documented that NBA stars are one of the best paid sports people in the business, even with a salary cap. The cap itself only stops certain individuals received ludicrous deals r elative to the rest of the industry and does not mean the average wage would not still be high. Again, there is the demand to watch these athletes and the result of this is the money that is made from that demand sustains high wages.It is basic economics. In terms of punishment for breaking of the salary caps, at the moment, only include fines. Examples of this include in 2012 where the Cowboys will be penalized $10 million, paying $5 million a year for two years. The Redskins penalty is much harsher at $36 million ($18 million a year for two years). While the Cowboys are unlikely to feel that much of a pinch, the penalty puts the Redskins in a world of hurt. That $18 million a year is significant money. The Redskins have a decent amount of young talent. Those not already signed to deals may be lost.Tight end Fred Davis, a burgeoning star, is on a one-year contract. And Kory Lichtensteiger, a left guard, may not be a Pro Bowler, but he’s worth keeping around. He is also on a one-year  deal (forbes. com). Personally, if I was a leader of an organization who had power over such an ethical issue such as a governing body or the government itself I do not believe I would enforce or change anything at present. In fact, the idea of a salary cap is off putting. I believe strongly that if an individual is worth a sum of money to a team that is natural in a market situation, i. . he can generate that revenue back for the team and the demand for him/her is there then why shouldn’t they get paid that money. Regardless of whether they save lives or not the quality of their labor is just as important. Perhaps not on a life-saving level however in terms of entertaining millions of people after thousands of hours of practise I believe to pay high wages is natural in the business environment professional athletes find themselves. Citations Badenhausen, Kurt. Top 100 paid athletes. N. p. : Forbes, 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. forbes. om/sites/kurtbadenh ausen/2012/06/18/mayweather-tops-list-of-the-worlds-100-highest-paid-athletes/;. NBA. NBA salary cap. N. p. : NBA. com, 2008. N. pag. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. nba. com/news/salarycap_070710. html;. â€Å"Salaries of Professional Athletes. †Ã‚  FreeMoneyFinance. N. p. , 2006. Web. 10 Jan 2012. ;http://www. freemoneyfinance. com/2006/09/salaries_of_ave. html;. Cambridge University. Pros paid too much? Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2011. N. pag. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. cambridge. org/other_files/downloads/esl/strageticreading/6843_SRL1_U04_P09. 1_sport. pdf;. UPENN. Where's the business in sport? Philladelphia: University of Pennsylvania, n. d. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. . Zeisler, Zeisler, Rawson & Johnson LLP. Taxes: Cost of being a professional athlete. N. p. : ZZLRJ. com, 2011. N. pag. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. . Salary Cap Penalties. N. p. : Forbes, 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. .

Women in Ancient Greek Marriages

Women in Ancient Greek Marriages The Greeks thought that Cecrops- one of the early kings of Athens who wasnt entirely human- was responsible for civilizing mankind and establishing monogamous marriage. Men were still free to establish relationships with courtesans and prostitutes, but with the institution of matrimony, lines of heredity could be traced, and marriage established who was in charge of the woman. Marriage Partners Since citizenship was passed through to ones offspring, there were limits on whom a citizen might marry. With the enactment of Pericles citizenship laws, resident aliens- or metics- were suddenly taboo. As in the Oedipus story, mothers were taboo, as were full sisters, but uncles might marry nieces and brothers could mary their half-sisters primarily in order to keep property in the family. Types of Marriage There were two basic types of marriage that provided legitimate offspring. In one, the male legal guardian (kurios) who had charge of the woman arranged her marriage partner. This type of marriage is called enguesis betrothal. If a woman was an heiress without a kurios, she was called an epikleros and might be (re-)married by the marriage form known as epidikasia. Marital Obligations of the Greek Heiress It was unusual for a woman to own property, so the marriage of an epikleros was to the next closest available male in the family, who thereby gained control of the property. If the woman were not an heiress, the archon would find a close male relative to marry her and become her kurios. Women married in this way produced sons who were legal heirs to their fathers property. The dowry was an important provision for the woman since she would not inherit her husbands property. It was established at the enguesis. The dowry would have to provide for the woman in case of either death or divorce, but it would be managed by her kurios. The Month for Marriage One of the months of the Athenian calendar was called Gamelion for the Greek word for wedding. It was in this winter month that most Athenian weddings took place. The ceremony was a complicated ceremony involving sacrifice and other rituals, including registration of the wife in the phratry of the husband. Greek Women's Living Quarters The wife lived in the gynaikonitis womens quarters where she overlooked the management of the home, tended to the educational needs of the young children, and of any daughters until marriage, cared for the sick, and made clothing.

Greek Mythology to Rational Pre-Socratic Philosophy

Greek Mythology to Rational Pre-Socratic Philosophy This is meant as a general introduction to Pre-Socratic philosophy. Specifically, you should see how Pre-Socratic philosophy emerged as a new way to explain the world anddiffered dramatically from what came before. There are various Greek myths to explain the origins of the universe and of man. Three generations of immortal creatures vied for power. The first were personifications of such things as Earth and Sky, whose mating produced land, mountains, and seas. One Greek mythological concept of man tells of an earlier, happier time a Greek Garden of Eden What Came Before? Mythology ... which didnt die just because alternatives showed up. Like Pre-Socratic philosophy would soon do, mythology also explained the world, but it provided supernatural explanations for the universe and creation. The basic theme of mythology is that the visible world is supported and sustained by an invisible world. - Joseph Campbell Playing the Human World as if a Giant Chessboard Okay. You caught me. There is an old movie from the 70s on a topic from Greek mythology that shows the gods and goddesses playing with the lives of the mortal heroes and damsels in distress as actual pawns on a cosmic chessboard, but the image works. Hollywood aside, some Greeks thought unseen gods manipulated the world from their perches on Mt. Olympus. One god(dess) was responsible for grain, another for the seas, another for the olive, etc. Mythology made guesses about important things that people wanted to, but couldnt see. Early philosophers also made guesses about this unseen universe. The Change to Philosophy: The early Greek, Pre-Socratic philosophers attempted to explain the world around them in more natural terms than those who relied on mythological explanations that divided the labor among human-looking (anthropomorphic) gods. For example, instead of anthropomorphic creator gods, the Pre-Socratic philosopher Anaxagoras thought nous mind controlled the universe. Is That Really Philosophy? Philosophy Science (Physics) Such an explanation doesnt sound much like what we think of as philosophy, let alone science, but the Pre-Socratics were early philosophers, sometimes indistinguishable from natural scientists. This is an important point: philosophy and science/physics werent separate academic disciplines. Philosophy Ethics and the Good Life Later, philosophers turned to other topics, like ethics and how to live, but they didnt give up on their speculation about nature. Even at the end of the Roman Republic, it would be fair to characterize ancient philosophy as both ethics and physics [Roman Women, by Gillian Clark; Greece Rome, (Oct. 1981)]. Periods of Greek Philosophy The Greeks dominated philosophy for about a millennium, from before c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 500. Jonathan Barnes, in Early Greek Philosophy, divides the millennium into three parts: The Pre-Socratics.The period is known for its schools, the Academy, Lyceum, Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics.The period of syncretism begins approximately 100 B.C. and ends in A.D. 529 when the Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian forbade the teaching of pagan philosophy. There are other ways to divide the Greek philosophers. The About.com Guide to Philosophy says there were 5 Great Schools - The Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Epicurean, and Skeptic. Here were following Barnes and talking about those who came before Plato and Aristotle, the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics. The First Philosophical Solar Eclipse This, Barnes first period, begins with Thales alleged prediction of a solar eclipse in 585 B.C. and ends in 400 B.C. Philosophers of this period are called Pre-Socratic, somewhat misleadingly, since Socrates was a contemporary. Some argue that the term philosophy inaccurately limits the sphere of interest of the so-called Pre-Socratic philosophers. Is Students of Nature a Better Term? Students of nature, the Pre-Socratics are credited with inventing philosophy, but they didnt work in a vacuum. For instance, knowledge of the eclipse if not apocryphal may have come from contact with Babylonian astronomers. The early philosophers shared with their predecessors, the mythographers, an interest in the cosmos. Where Does Stuff Come From? Parmenides was a philosopher from Elea (west of mainland Greece, in Magna Graecia) who probably was an older contemporary of the young Socrates. He says that nothing comes into being because then it would have come from nothing. Everything that is must always have been. Myth Writers vs the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Myths are stories about persons.Pre-Socratics looked for principles or other natural explanations. Myths allow a multiplicity of explanations.Pre-Socratics were looking for the single principle behind the cosmos. Myths are conservative, slow to change.To read what they wrote, you might think the aim of the Pre-Socratics was to knock down earlier theory.Myths are self-justifying.Myths are morally ambivalent.-From The Attributes of Mythic/Mythopoeic Thought Philosophers sought a rational order observable in the natural phenomena, where mythographers relied on the supernatural. Pre-Socratics Denied a Distinction Between Natural Supernatural: When the Pre-Socratic philosopher Thales (of eclipse fame) said all things are full of gods, he wasnt so much singing the swan song of mythographers or rationalizing myth. No, he was breaking new ground by, in Michael Grants words, ... implicitly denying that any distinction between natural and supernatural could be legitimately envisaged. The most significant contributions of the Pre-Socratics were their rational, scientific approach and belief in a naturally ordered world. After the Pre-Socratics: Aristotle and So Forth: With the philosopher Aristotle, who valued evidence and observation, the distinction between philosophy and empirical science began to appear.Following the death of Alexander the Great (a student of Aristotles), the kings who divvied up and ruled his empire began to subsidize scholars working in areas, like medicine, that would do them some good.At the same time, the philosophical schools of the Stoics, Cynics, and Epicureans, that were not interested in empirical science, took hold.Michael Grant attributes the separation of science and philosophy to Strato of Lampsacus (successor of Aristotles successor, Theophrastus), who shifted the focus of the Lyceum from logic to experiment. Pre-Socratics May Have Been Rational But They Couldnt Possibly All Be Right: As Barnes points out, just because the Pre-Socratics were rational, and presented supportive arguments, doesnt mean they were right. They couldnt possibly all be right, anyway, since much of their writing consists in pointing out inconsistencies of their predecessors paradigms. Sources: Jonathan Barnes, Early Greek PhilosophyMichael Grant, The Rise of the GreeksMichael Grant, The Classical GreeksG.S. Kirk and J.E. Raven, The Presocratic PhilosophersJ.V. Luce, Introduction to Greek PhilosophyThe Attributes of Mythopoeic Thought​ Related Resources: Presocratic PhilosophyPythagoras of SamosEpicureansStoics

Axis II Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder and Post Traumatic Research Proposal

Axis II Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Research Proposal Example 3). The American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) classifies PTSD as one of the anxiety disorders, typically caused by either or several of the three types of traumatic events: Intentional human causes, Unintentional human causes, or Acts of Nature. The presence of the stressor as part of the diagnosis differentiates PTSD from other disorders and makes it a uniquely complex phenomenon. (page number) persistent (more than one month) re-experiencing of the trauma (this category of symptoms is titled â€Å"intrusive memories† in Johnson, 2004), persistent (more than one month) avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli and suppression of general responsiveness (â€Å"avoidance behavior according to Johnson, 2004), persistent (more than one month) symptoms of hyperarousal (or, according to Johnson, 2004, â€Å"hyper-vigilance†), and disruption of psychological and functional equilibrium. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is defined as â€Å"a highly prevalent, chronic, and debilitating psychiatric problem† associated with the following symptoms: â€Å"a pattern of chaotic and self-defeating interpersonal relationships, emotional labiality, poor impulse control, angry outbursts, frequent suicidality, and self-mutilation† (Levy, 2005, p. 259). Kernberg (2004), who considered the organization of the personality to be crucially determined by affective responses as displayed under conditions of peak affect states, adds to this definition: â€Å"identity diffusion and the †¦ predominance of primitive defensive operations centering on splitting† among the key symptoms of this psychological dysfunction noting that they are accompanied by â€Å"the presence of good reality testing† (p. 99). The researcher meant that although the patient imagined himself living in the paranoid and