Strategic Management - Meaning and Important

Question: In what capacity will achieving these targets bolster your achievement in the executives? What dangers or difficulties may a chief experience on the off chance that the individual in question has not aced these destinations? Clarify. Answer: Distinguishing and depicting different systems that administrators perform for better execution of an association goes under Strategic Management. (MSG, 2014) For each undertaking there is a flat out need to set objectives and goals. By achieving these goals one can even guarantee the achievement of the administration. This implies dissecting what activities a business must decide on changing endeavors into serviceable destinations. Goals to be aced by supervisors are of two sorts present moment and long haul. Momentary objectives are those which should be accomplished inside a half year to 1 year and long haul are those falling past a year. (Esmaeli, 2015) A director who has not aced these targets will fall gravely. For instance - Projects if not finished inside time will prompt additional uses and asset arranging should be re arranged. All these may prompt misfortune with respect to the organization conveying the task just as the customer redistributing the work. Another case of wasteful administration is the typical timetables of the organization will get upset. Assume, an item is to be propelled in a specific celebration. Because of poor objective setting the item doesn't get propelled on the date it should. This connotes the item has lost the normal perceivability it should be getting on the off chance that it was propelled on the arranged date and time. Thus, it isn't only a present monetary misfortune, yet additionally an immense likely budgetary misfortune also. In addition, in serious markets different items will fill the hole with better target arranging set by proficient directors. ( Anonymous ,2011) References MSG (2014), Strategic Management - Meaning and Important Concepts,Managementstudyguide.com Esmaeilie. N (2015 p.5), Strategic administration and its application in current associations. Mysterious (2011), The Importance and Value of Authoritative Goal Setting

Production Possibility Curves Essay Essay

Clarify how creation plausibility bends can be utilized to exhibit the issue of joblessness, impacts of innovative change and the advantages of monetary development. Human needs are boundless and assets are rare. So as to fulfill these needs, all social orders face the issue of allotting these rare assets to creating the needed items. These choices significantly influence the economy and will add to the developments of development. A diagram that outwardly speaks to the aftereffects of the choices and maps the development of the economy is the creation plausibility bend. Creation probability bends (PPC) are graphical models used to exhibit the distinctive open door costs that are included when people or networks settle on decisions on the amount of every item to deliver. The diagram portrays the various mixes of two elective items that can be delivered, given innovation and a fixed measure of assets. The two tomahawks speak to the measure of every item delivered and the bend (boondoc ks) demonstrates the most extreme measure of every asset ready to be created when the entirety of the assets are utilized to their full limit (allude to Figure 1. Most graphs talked about will just arrangement with straight boondocks with the end goal of an unmistakable visual). The assets are the elements of creation which comprises of common assets, human work, capital merchandise and endeavors. The situation of the economy is regularly appeared by a dab or a cross and its position relies upon the economy’s creation status. The PPC additionally makes various presumptions including the way that economy will delivers just two distinct products, the condition of the innovation will stay steady, and the amount of the assets continue as before and are both completely utilized and utilized proficiently. The creation probability bend is subsequently ready to graphically speak to the issues of joblessness, the impacts of mechanical change on the items delivered and furthermore show the advantages of monetary development in an economy. Creation probability bends can used to exhibit the issues of joblessness while delivering the items in the economy. In the chart, it considers the entirety of the variables of creation. Therefore joblessness will imply that no t the entirety of the assets are as a rule completely connected with and used to their maximum capacity. The boondocks for this situation won't change, anyway the situation of the economy will move beneath the bend. For instance (allude to Figure 2), if the economy is delivering two items X and Y, the outskirts doesn't change and rather the situation of the economy on the chart willâ shift relying upon the measure of assets are not being utilized. The further away the economy is from the bend, the more assets jobless. In this circumstance, the diagram implies that there is a wasteful distribution of assets. It passes on the economy is neither fulfilling the greatest measure of needs nor accomplishing least open door costs. Basically the economy isn't utilizing its assets to their maximum capacity, or giving up the most reduced measure of chance expenses to create the items. By moving the dab around, the PPC makes it clear to where in economy is at in creations effectiveness and along these lines can impact choices so as to beat the issue of joblessness. The creation plausibility bend i s likewise ready to show the impacts of innovative change on the creation of the items. More up to date innovation makes progressively proficient creation strategies and accordingly permits the economy to deliver a greater amount of one item without an expansion in circumstance costs. The utilization of more up to date, progressively profitable innovation is spoken to by an outward move in the particular item pivot. In the model (allude to Figure 3), because of mechanical progressions it has made delivering item X increasingly effective, in this manner permitting a greater amount of item X to be created. The absence of development in the Y pivot depicts how there was no expansion in circumstance cost for creating item Y when a greater amount of item X was delivered. The move likewise shows the new wilderness for the economy. The measure of move can be changed in accordance with give a model of things to come economy in the event that it chooses to proceed with mechanical progressions in a single zone. Consequently, the PPC is an incredible model portrayal of how innovat ive changes can influence the creation prospects on an economy. Creation probability bends empower the outline of how the procedure of monetary development happens. Financial development happens when more assets can be utilized or existing assets are utilized all the more productively. Economies frequently need to conclude whether to deliver a greater amount of capital products or purchaser merchandise. Creating more customer merchandise will fulfill the needs quickly and accordingly give better quality of embracing current circumstances, contrasted with delivering increasingly capital products which doesn't fulfill numerous needs immediately. Notwithstanding, it gives the economy bigger creation capacities later on and subsequently will have the option to fulfill more needs later on. In Figure 4 (the figure manages curved boondocks to speak to a greater extent a practical way to deal with development), the diagram is demonstrating the creation of either buyer or capital products. Theâ economy at Point An is favors delivering more buyer merchand ise than capital products. The economy at Point B is delivering increasingly capital products. The two economies are on the bend C. On the off chance that the economies at both An and B move outwards to the bend C1, it will speak to that the two economies can deliver a greater amount of every item. This obviously shows the advantages of financial development on creation prospects. Not exclusively are does it empower the more creation of every item because of more assets utilized, the economy will have the option to fulfill more needs and along these lines appreciate a better quality of living. The PPC can likewise exhibit how the economy at Point B is bound to encounter monetary development as the inclination of progressively capital merchandise created permitted more noteworthy ability to deliver more products later on. Utilizing the PPC, it can show the various measures of development in the different positions and will subsequently help exhibit the outcomes. On the whole, the away from of the focuses starting with one bend then onto the next outwardly speak to the advantages of monetary development. Creation probability bend are magnificent diagrams that pass on the issues of joblessness, unmistakably speak with the impacts of mechanical change and show the advantages of financial development. The developments in diagram can show various outcomes and in this way can help settle on choices on what to create.

99 Book Recommendations from John Green

99 Book Recommendations from John Green Were giving away $500 to spend at the bookstore of your choice! Click here, or on the image below to enter: John Green is the author  The Fault in Our Stars  and the new (and in my opinion, brilliant) book Turtles All the Way Down.  Aside from writing books, John has recommended many books written by other authors. In fact, the author I wrote my masters thesis on sprung from a recommendation he made through a vlogbrothers video. Recently, after finishing his newest book,  I attempted to hunt down every John Green book recommendation. I watched book suggestion videos. I scrolled through Twitter. I even checked his Tumblr. Im sure I didnt track down every single rec hes ever made, but I got as close as I could and added many titles to my own TBR in the process. These book recommendations from John Green include everything from poetry to picture books, and, of course, a healthy does of YA. Happy reading, and dont forget to be awesome! The Man Who Couldnt Stop  by David Adam: This memoir explores OCD, intrusive thoughts, and a journalists quest to understand whats happening inside his head. Calling a Wolf a Wolf  by Kaveh Akbar: In this Iranian poets beautiful debut collection, he addresses subjects ranging from a woman executed for killing a man who tried to assault her to love and addiction. The title comes from the line thinking if I called a wolf a wolf I might dull its fangs. City of Clowns  by  Daniel Alarcón and Sheila Alvarado: This graphic novel is an adaptation of  Alarcóns short story by the same name, in his book  The King Is Always Above the People.  It tells the story of a young Peruvian journalist coming to terms with his fathers death and reporting on the lives of street clowns in Lima. The King is Always Above the People  by  Daniel Alarcón: A short story collection about Latin American families, Los Angeles, and immigration. Solo  by Kwame Alexander and Mary Rand Hess: The seventeen year old son of a former bad boy rockstar travels to Ghana in order to investigate family secrets and grieve his mother who died ten years ago. Speak  by Laurie Halse Anderson: A young girl stops talking when shes ostracized by her peers after being raped by an upperclassman at a summer party. The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing  by M.T. Anderson: In a reimagined past, this is the story of a black boy raised in isolation with his mother by philosophers during the American Revolutionary War in a secret experiment about the intellectual capabilities of Africans. Traitor to the Nation  by M.T. Anderson: This is the second volume in Octavians story. Symphony for the City of the Dead: Dmitri Shostakovich and the Siege of Leningrad by M.T. Anderson: This young adult biography tells the story of  Dmitri Shostakovich, a composer writing music in the Soviet Union during Hitlers siege on Leningrad. Thirsty  by M.T. Anderson: Chris just wants to be a normal teenager, but unfortunately hes turning into a vampire. Harry, A History: The True Story of a Boy Wizard, His Fans, and Life Inside the Harry Potter Phenomenon  by Melissa Anneli: Part chronicle of the madness of Harry Potter mania in the early 2000s and part personal memoir of a super fan, this book is perfect for anyone who remembers or wants to understand midnight book parties and passionate debates on RABs identity while waiting for the next book to come out. No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam  by Reza Aslan: The title does a great job explaining what this book is going to be about. Covering topics from the religions beginning to how democracy and social media have influenced the religion in contemporary times, this book is both informative and accessible. Mansfield Park  by Jane Austen: One of Austens lesser-known novels, in which Fanny leaves the poverty of her own home behind and is raised by a rich uncle, eventually falling in love with her cousin Edmund in a very, very slow burn romance. Persuasion  by Jane Austen: Austens last novel tells the story of Anne Eliot and Captain Wentworth reuniting eleven years after Anne broke off their engagement through some awkward circumstances. SPQR: A History History of Ancient Rome  by Mary Beard: A concise history of Rome with rumination on why the society feels so relevant to people today. The White Boy Shuffle  by Paul Beatty: An outrageous and comedic novel about a black surfer kid whose life changes when his mother moves him from Santa Monica to urban Los Angeles. Are You My Mother?  by Alison Bechdel: This graphic memoir explores the artists relationship with her mother and how it has influenced her identity as an artist and her adult relationships. Valiant: A Modern Tale of Faerie  by Holly Black: Seventeen-year-old Val runs away to New York and finds herself mixed up with a gang of homeless teens dealing potions to faeries, then bound in servitude (Beauty and the Beast style) to a troll that lives inside the Manhattan Bridge. Behind the Beautiful Forevers  by Katherine Boo: A nonfiction account of the members of a Mumbai slum based on three years of reporting. Kendra  by Coe Booth: After living with her grandmother most of her life, teenage Kendra tries out living with her mom, who had Kendra when she was only fourteen. The Unthinkable Thoughts of Jacob Green  by Joshua Braff: In this novel, a young Jewish boy grows up in the seventies with an overbearing and aggressive father who he doesnt know how to stand up to. The Bad Food Bible: How and Why to Eat Sinfully  by Aaron Carroll: John has tweeted a few times about this recent release and said it changed the way he thinks about food. Boy Proof  by Cecil Castellucci: Teenage Egg has modeled herself after her favorite science fiction character, down to dying her eyebrows and shaving her head. She spends all her time studying, taking pictures for the school paper, and hanging with the Science Fiction and Fantasy Club. Basically, shes boy-proof. Until she meets Max, and everything starts to change. Death Comes for the Archbishop  by Willa Cather: This classic novel, tells the story of two Catholic priests trying to establish a dioceses in New Mexico shortly after the Spanish-Mexican war. Telegraph Avenue  by Micahel Chabon: A novel about the intersection of a black family and a white family in Oakland, California. Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates: This number one New York Times best selling book was called require reading by Toni Morrison and an amazing book you cant stop thinking about by John Green. It asks big questions about race in our current culture and countrys history in the form of a letter from the author to his adolescent son. Matched  by Ally Condie: Cassia is growing up in the Society where all aspects of life are dictated by outside forces. She doesnt have to worry about making decisions. The Society tells her what to read, what to believe, and, most importantly, who to love. The Golden Rule  by Ilene Cooper: A charming and beautifully-illustrated picture book in which a grandfather explains the golden rule and ways to practice it with his grandson. The Enormous Room  by E.E. Cummings: Cummings is more well-known for his poetry, but he also wrote this autobiographical novel based on his experience being imprisoned in France during World War One for expressing anti-war views. Ball Dont Lie  by Matt de la  Peña: Sticky is white foster kid who doesnt feel like he fits in anywhere. His basketball talent might give him opportunities he never dreamed of but he has to be willing to take advantage of them. The Last Stop on Market Street  by Matt de la  Peña: This diverse and beautifully-illustrated picture book tells the story of a young boy riding the bus with his grandmother and learning to appreciate the beauty of his own neighborhood and routine. The Blood of the Lamb  by Peter De Vries: A semi-autobiographical novel about an immigrant family living in Chicago in the 1950s. The Truth About Forever  by Sarah Dessen: In this book about grief, friendship, and first love, seventeen year old Macy learns that having your summer plans change last minute can be the best thing that ever happened to you. One of Us: Conjoined Twins and the Future of Normal  by Alice Domurat Dreger: This nonfiction book combines a history of how conjoined twins have been treated by the medical community and a philosophical question of how society treats bodies that arent considered normal. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes  by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: A collection of short stories about the most famous detective in English literature. Bossypants  by Tina Fey: A book that straddles comedy writing and autobiography, while describing the childhood and early career of comedian Tina Fey. If I Stay  by Gayle Forman: Teenage Mia ruminates on her life while deciding whether to live or die in the aftermath of a horrible accident. Boot and Shoe  by Marla Frazee: This picture book tells the story of the dogs Boot and Shoe who get their routines messed up when neighborhood squirrel interferes. Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body  by Roxane Gay: Over the summer, John tweeted about this book calling this book, brilliant and alive and soulwrenching. Faithful and Virtuous Night  by Louise Gluck: The most recent collection of poems from on of Americas most celebrated and renowned poets. The Water Will Come: Rising Seas, Sinking Cities, and the Remaking of the Civilized World  by Jeff Goddell: A nonfiction book mixing scientific facts and first person reporting to portray the environmental problem of rising see levels. The Matchstick Castle  by Keir Graff: In this middle grade adventure, Brian and his cousin Nora find a decidedly un-boring family and house in the forest near Boring, Illinois, where Brians been sent for the summer. Refugee  by Alan Gratz: This middle grade historical novel weaves together the stories of three different refugee children from different countries and living in different times: a Jewish boy named Josef fleeing Nazi Germany in the 1930s; Isabel, a Cuban girl heading to America on a raft in 1994; and Mahmoud, a boy from Syria in 2015. The Magicians  by Lev Grossman: A more literary and, perhaps, darker take on beloved fantasy worlds like Narnia and Harry Potter. It chronicles teenage Quentin finding out that Fillory, the supposedly fictional land in his favorite books from childhood, is realâ€"and that hes been selected to attend an elite magical boarding school. The Art of Fielding  by Chad Harback: This novel, told through five perspectives, centers around a baseball prodigys crisis of confidence while attending a small liberal arts college in the midwest. Round Ireland with a Fridge  by Tony Hawks: A hilarious piece of travel writing about a British comedian who tries to win a bet by hitchhiking across Ireland with a refrigerator. Midnight Robber  by Nalo Hopkinson: This science fiction novel brings readers to the Caribbean-colonized planet of Youssaint, where Tan-Tan finds herself being taken over by the folklore persona of the robber queen (a robin hood character on the planet). Falling in Love with Hominids  by Nalo Hopkinson: A collection of Caribbean-inspired fantasy and science fiction short stories that range in subject from fire-breathing chickens to a retelling of Shakespeares  The Tempest.   A Brief History of Seven Killings  by Marlon James: An immersive, multi-perspective novel chronicling an unstable thirty years in Jamaicas history from the 1970s to the 1990s. The Blinding Absence of Light  by Tahar Ben Jelloun: This novel mixes real-life events with fictional imaginations to tell the story of the underground concentration camps where King Hassan II kept his political enemies in Morocco. The Untelling  by Tayari Jones: In this novel, the physical and emotional trauma from a childhood car accident continue to haunt twenty-five-year-old Aria, as she learns family secrets and suffers through a medical condition that will change her life forever. Everybody Sees the Ants  by A.S. King: This young adult story is about a boy who escapes bullies at school and his familys dysfunctions through dreams that take him to the jungles of Vietnam where his grandfather died during the war. The Flamethrowers  by Rachel Kushner: A novel featuring a young artist who discovers revolutionary and radical art groups in the 1970s in New York City and Rome. We Are Okay  by Nina LaCour: A young adult novel told in alternating before and after sections. Before: when Marin still lived with her grandfather on the beach and spent all her free time with her best friend Mabel. After: when Mabel visits Marin at college in New York City to get answers about why Marin left town suddenly and refused to talk to anyone from her old life. The Disreputable History of Frankie Landau-Banks  by E. Lockhart: A fifteen-year-old former geek revels in the new attention shes receiving from the popular boys and attempts to infiltrate her boarding schools all male secret society. Fly on the Wall: How One Girl Saw Everything  by E. Lockhart: In this young adult take on Kafkas Metamorphosis,  high school art student Gretchen Yee is transformed into a fly living inside the boys locker room. Genuine Fraud  by E. Lockhart: A new feminist suspense novel, featuring a runaway heiress and an orphan, that Green called utterly unforgettable. Wolf Hall  by Hilary Mantel: In this brilliant piece of historical fiction, Thomas Cromwell tries to help King Henry VIII divorce the queen and marry Anne Boleyn in order to secure a male heir to the throne. First Then  by Emma Mills: An adorable YA Pride and Prejudice retelling set against the backdrop of high school football. Sula  by Toni Morrison: This novel tells the stories of two black women growing up and dealing with the expectations of the community in their 1920s small Ohio town. The Emperor of all Maladies by  Siddhartha Mukherjee: A physician and cancer researcher examines the five thousand year history of the disease. Little Fires Everywhere  by Celeste Ng: Green called this novel about how a mysterious mother and daughter moving to town upsets the status quo in a picture perfect family; maybe my favorite novel Ive read this year. Akata Warrior  by Nnedi Okorafor: This is the second book in a series about an American-born Nigerian girl who develops magical powers and is inducted into the secret Leopard Society. A Thousand Mornings  by Mary Oliver: A book of poetry drawing on personal history, the landscape of Provincetown Massachusetts, literature, and big philosophical questions. The First Rule of Punk  by  Celia C. Pérez: The story of twelve year old  Malú learning to accept the first rule of punk (be yourself) is told through black and white illustrations, collage art, and beautiful, beautiful words. Beauty from Ashes  by Eugenia Price: This is the last novel in her Georgia Trilogy about two families living through the Civil War in St. Simons Island. It is also where John Green hides his flask, but you will have to do the hollowing out yourself. City of Thorns  by Ben Rawlence: The author spent four years in the worlds Dabaab refugee camp before writing this book weaving together the stories of nine refugees living in the worlds largest camp. This Bloody Mary Is the Last Thing I Own  by Jonathan Rendall: A memoir from a British former boxing writer on his decision to separate from the boxing world after falling in love with the sport as a young man. The Boy in the Black Suit  by Jason Reynolds: Seventeen year old Matt is grieving the death of his mother and helping to support his dad by working in a funeral home. Then he meets a girl whos been through even harder stuff than him. Patina  by Jason Reynolds: Book two in the middle grade track series provides Pattys perspective on her diverse and elite middle school track team. Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children  by Ransom Riggs: Its no surprise that John Green enjoyed this YA novel written by his college friend. He called the book, as strange and wondrous as he [Riggs] is. Gilead  by Marilynne Robinson: This modern class tells the story of three generations of fathers and sons from the Civil War to the 20th century. Divergent  by Veronica Roth: This popular series told a dystopian story the upending of a society where all people are sorted into factions according to their personality. Eleanor Park  by Rainbow Rowell: John reviewed this young adult romance saying the story reminded me not just what it’s like to be young and in love with a girl, but also what it’s like to be young and in love with a book. The Harry Potter Series  by J.K. Rowling: Okay, Ill admit I dont know if hes ever specifically recommended these books. But hes a well-documented fan and once said, Maybe Harry Potters real and youre not. So I think its safe to say he thinks everyone should read the series. The Ballad of the Whiskey Robber  by Julian Rubenstein: The true story of a hockey player in Budapest who tried to become a bank robber in the 1990s. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life  by Benjamin Alire Sáenz: Teenage Sal tries to grapple with questions of identity, family, and belonging as he grows up with a gay adoptive father in a Mexican American family. Catcher in the Rye  by J.D. Salinger: This classic novel, that most of us probably read in high school, follows moody teenager Holden Caulfield on on a three day journey away from his boarding school to New York City. Ordinary Beast  by Nicole Sealey: This debut collection of poetry focuses on issues and experiences related to race, gender, and sexuality in America. Whered You Go, Bernadette  by Maria Semple: A multi-perspective, comedic novel about a daughter investigating the disappearance of her eccentric mother. Counting Descent  by Clint Smith: John Green called this debut collection about black identity shatteringly beautiful coming of age poetry. Just Kids  by Patti Smith: In this memoir, Patti Smith tells the story of journey to become a performer and her romance with photographer John Mapplethorpe in New York City during the late 1960s and 1970s. Regarding the Pain of Others  by Susan Sontag: This collection of essays examines how representations of suffering, such as war photography and violent pictures, affect the viewer. All the Crooked Saints  by Maggie Stiefvater: The Sorio family of Bicho Raro, Colorado, have the ability to perform miracles, but the miracles dont always work out as expected. The Hate U Give  by Angie Thomas: A young adult novel about a black girl who witnesses the police shoot her unarmed friend that was called a classic of our time by John Green. City of Light, City of Poison  by Holly Tucker: This nonfiction book tells the story of the first police chief in Paris as he tries to rid the city of crime, black magic, and perhaps even a threat from the kings mistress. The Color Purple  by Alice Walker: In this classic novel, young Celie writes letters about her life directly to God as she tries to survive a harsh life filled with abuse, abandonment, and scorn. This begins to turn around when she meets her husbands mistress, Shug Avery, and begins to fight for her own happiness. Infinite Jest  by David Foster Wallace: John Green has often discussed how meaningful reading this book was for him. Defining what this multi-perspective, doorstop of a novel is about is not easy. Jumping around in time, setting, character, and even genre, this story makes comedic and philosophical observations about entertainment and happiness in American life. Also, its about tennis. Piecing Me Together  by  Renée Watson: Teenage artist Jade travels across town to go to a private school and takes advantage of every opportunity that will help her future, but she resents being treated like a charity case. The Optimists Daughter  by Eudora Welty: This novel is about a woman returning to the South to say goodbye to her dying father and face the past she ran away from. Uglies  by Scott Westerfeld: A genre-defining YA dystopian novel, about a world where all sixteen year olds get plastic surgery to turn them from uglies into pretties. To Say Nothing of the Dog  by Connie Willis: A novel featuring time travel, Victorian novel conventions, mystery, romance, and (somehow) also comedy. Miracles Boys  by Jacqueline Woodson: This beautiful novel is about three adolescent brothers trying to keep their family together in New York City after the death of their mother. Show Way by Jacqueline Woodson: An important picture book that describes eight generation of women who pass down the quilting skills originating with a young slave girl, separated from her parents, who sewed clues into quilts to help slaves escape to freedom. A Little Life  by  Hanya Yanagihara: Four college classmates move to New York City after graduation to follow their artistic dreams and professional ambitions. The People in the Trees by  Hanya Yanagihara: This novel tells the fictional story of a doctor and an anthropologist who travel to remote Micronesia in the 1950s in search of a lost tribe of people and, perhaps, the secret to eternal life. Story of a Girl  by Sara Zarr: One mistake when she was thirteen has drastic consequences on Deannas reputation and family life. In this young adult novel, Deanna will try to overcome her past and rise above what her small town community expects from her. The Book Thief  by Markus Zusak: This is a young adult novel about a young girls experience during the holocaust, narrated by a personification of death. It is also a celebration of the power of books during even the darkest of times. Will You Miss Me When Im Gone: The Carter Family and their Legacy in American Music by Mark Zwonitzer and Charles Hirshberg: The most expansive biography of the family that helped define modern folk and country music in the United States.

Communism And The Anti Communist Rhetoric - 1401 Words

When one considers the definitions of its roots, communism seems like an odd word to inspire as much fear as it has and does. â€Å"Commun,† meaning â€Å"together† and â€Å"ism,† meaning â€Å"belief in,† combine to form a word for which the connotation far outweighs the denotation. Rather than bring people together, communism in the United States caused divides, even between people on the same sides. Although the exact definition of communism differed for Communists and Anti-Communists, the definitions held commonality in the way that they labeled members of the group as â€Å"other†. To Anti-Communists, communism was a force that they could not comprehend, not because it was over their heads, but because they either chose to put no effort into understanding it or were not allowed the resources needed to do so. All that was required was that one understood the end goal of communism as the anti-communist rhetoric described it: to complete the â €Å"ultimate seizure of power,† eliminating the government of the United States. Rather than take the time to learn the actual end goals of the majority of people who identified as communist, more prestigious anti-communists such as James F. O’Neil chose to put their effort into discrediting people who identified as communist. He asked his followers to contact the media and â€Å"call their attention to their ‘mistakes,’† such as â€Å"neglect[ing] to mention†2 that certain people or organizations that they were citing or conversing with were communists. People likeShow MoreRelatedAnti Communist Rhetoric And American Patriotism1605 Words   |  7 Pagesdepicted communist, to feed the hatred for communism. The illustrators did this to catch the public’s attention by exploiting their irrational fear of communism to entice them to buy the comic book. Just prior to the release of the Comic Codes, Fighting American #3 was already showing acceptance of the codes, with Fighting American being depicted as the perfect athletic American with his American boy side kick ready to save the day from the communists of domestic America. The anti-communist rhetoricRead More Ronald Reagan Administration Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment regulations that had prevented mergers while supervising the banking industry. At the same time, he appointed conservatives who would carry out his vision of smaller government to agencies like the EPA, his cabinet, and the courts. Anti-Communism was the cornerstone of the Reagan administrations foreign policy. The Reagan Doctrine had a turbulent relationship with the Soviet Union and Central America, more so than with other nations. President Reagan pushed for a space-based missile systemRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War1526 Words   |  7 PagesBoth nations held dramatically different worldviews, nurtured by their domestic values. The Soviet Union envisioned a world-wide global revolution leading to a Communist utopia. The United States believed in democracy and private enterprise. As their World War II coalition melted away in the face of growing political disagreements, the rhetoric of both nations turned shriller and argumentative, making faith in negotiations and treaties virtually non-existent. The Space Race became a symbol of the broadRead MoreThe Age Of Mccarthyism By Joseph Mccarthy1151 Words   |  5 Pagesconsisting of convoluted accusations and fabrication of a sensitive topic regarding communist infiltration within America. Joe McCarthy’s unfounded allegations naming supposed ‘communist subversives’ instilled fear and anxiety among Americans. This was exacerbated by the anxiety associated with the concerns of an escalating Cold War. McCarthy was motivated by his political ambition and thus used the anti-communist crusade as a scapegoat, to benefit his political career. It became increasingly apparentRead MoreJulius And Ethel Rosenberg Was Spies For The Soviet Union Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesoffset the spread of communism within the government, Truman created a loyalty security program for the federal government to inquire into possible communist sympathizing employees. Other government agencies tried to halt the alleged threat of communism as well. The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was created to investigate claims of communism within the United States government. Truman also created a media machine that would perpetuate pro-western rhetoric throughout the Cold WarRead MoreThe Cold War Between The United States Of America And The Soviet Union1501 Words   |  7 Pageswas one use of media that perpetuated the negative effects of Soviet Union political influence while promoting the righteousness of the United States. The visual rhetoric presented in â€Å"The Red Iceberg† propaganda, and others alike, instigated an emotional and fearful mindset among most Americans contributing to its nation wide anti-communist attitude and glorification of United States values and governmental policies. Through use of the media and other cultural aspects during the Cold War, the UnitedRead MoreCommunism : A Great Evil1011 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is a lot like a bad relationship. It looked good on pap er. In regards to the world’s most feared form of government, two things have been historically recurring. First, communism falls when those in power fall victim to the vice of greed. And second, most important to the US-centric concerns of The West, the United States shows a consistent opposition to the ideals of communism. The most notable example of America’s great fear of the perceived evils of communism can be seen during the 1950sRead MoreThe Cold War Between East And West From The End Of The Ussr Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages From 1948 to 1991 countless anti-communist films were made, dominating the stage of transnational politics and geostrategic affairs between East and West from the beginning to the end of the USSR. The Cold War would impose an atmosphere bursting with tension on the world film production arena. The main tense issues that prevailed included but were not limited to: Communist expansionism, American Imperialism, an arms race including a nuclear menace, the subjugation of space, and the infamous intelligenceRead MoreThe Literary And Pop Culture Vampire Of The 1950s1448 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpreted as anti-communism propaganda. The film is a composite of western and horror film, although it does not directly state, the vampire is casted as the communist disease. The disease metaphor relates the vampire to the spread of Communism infecting the America way of life. In a testimony in front of the HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee), FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover used a disease metaphor to discuss the communist threat. This metaphor became part of cold war rhetoric. Hoover statesRead MoreThe Political Climate In The United States Has Been Forever1624 Words   |  7 PagesVietnam because of the Cold War and the Cold War started fundamentally because of the ideological differences that the U.S. had with the Soviets (Communism vs Democracy). Although it’s somewhat unfair to say that the U.S. is a little like the USSR, in a way the two nations are similar. While it s true that the U.S. argued against the spread of Communism, the nation itself was trying to increase its sphere of influence around the world believing that America’s capitalistic system and form of democracy

Clouds Socrates Unjust Speech Essay - 2141 Words

The Carnage of Just Speech William Myers Section Eschenburg Thursday 9:00am Topic B Aristophanes Pericles In Aristophanes’ play, â€Å"clouds†, there is a battle between the â€Å"old† and â€Å"new† way of going out about life. This can be seen through the â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† speech, whose argumentative outcomes dictate the way in which society should go about educating its citizens. The â€Å"unjust speech†, which is a heavy logical and manipulative approach to thinking about life (â€Å"new†), seems to subvert the â€Å"just speech†, which appears to rely on moral and mythical justification (â€Å"old†). Pericles, a prominent and influential Politian in Athens, has argued that democracy is the best form of government because it†¦show more content†¦The people who make the laws usually do so in a way beneficial to them â€Å"in public affairs†(West). Unjust speech has the power to diminish the collective wisdom the Athenians have built up by pointing out small contradictions and using manipulative reasoning that just speech can’t defend through logic. Just speech can only be defended through the centuries it has successfully survived and through the strong bond each citizen shares with each other (West). Therefore, Aristophanes argues through â€Å"clouds† that unjust speech has the ability to break down collective wisdoms, win arguments, create unequal powers, and ultimately dismantle democracy (West). For example, unjust speech states, â€Å"I quite deny that Justice even exists†(West 902) to which just speech replies â€Å"It does with the gods† (West 904), then unjust speech ask the question â€Å"then why didn’t Zeus perish when he bound his father?†(West 906) to which just speech replies â€Å"give me a basin: to vomit in†(West 907), basically stating if just does exist withi n the gods then it makes no sense because the gods are not just themselves. In this case unjust found a logical approach to dismiss the presences of just speech. This small contradiction discredits just speech as a whole, aids to the confusion of just speech, and gives power to unjust speech. This result causes just speechShow MoreRelatedPoli Sci Midterm1155 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ What did Socrates Stand for? 1. What are the needs of the political community? What must all political communities do to insure their survival? What about Philosophy? What does philosophy seek? How does it go about this process? Before we get into what are the needs of a political community, lets define politics. What comes to your mind when you think of politics? For the purpose of this class, politics is the identification, maintenance, and transfer of the communities’ core values that areRead MoreAristophanes’ Clouds a Satyr Play Written in 419 BCE1161 Words   |  5 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched on† the actors to evoke a laugh, but to take note of underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes isRead MoreAristophanes Clouds Is A Social Commentary On The Nature Of Justice853 Words   |  4 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds is a social commentary on the nature of justice as it pertains to the philosophic life within the city- disguised as a crude theatrical comedy. The protagonist Strepsiades is overcome by debt due to his son Pheidippides’ obsession with horsemanship, and Strepsiades seeks the help of local philosopher Socrates in order to learn the art of deceptive speaking so that he may trick his creditors and not â€Å"give anyone back even an obol of those debts† (120). Although the play is filledRead MoreSocrates’ Speech in Apology975 Words   |  4 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched on† the actors to evoke a laugh, but has underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes is a â€Å"friendlyRead MoreSocrates : The Worst Of Villains938 Words   |  4 PagesSocrates: The Worst of Villains The Athenian way of life is based on Homeric values. Up to this point in Greek history all of Greek culture has culminated in the form of democratic government. The culmination of Greek history reaches its peak during this time: from the values outlined by Homer in the Iliad and Odyssey to the life of Socrates during which the epitome of Greek culture has been met in the form of a democratic government. But Socrates undermines Greek culture and is therefore put toRead MoreAristophanes Charge And Socrates 1876 Words   |  8 PagesAristophanes’ Charge and Socrates’ apologia Aristophanes’ Clouds , a satirical comedy, presents the conflict between politics and philosophy, considering philosophy as a destructive influence upon the life of the polis and harmful to the civic virtue which is significant in maintaining the stability in political order. In the play, Aristophanes depicted Socrates as an investigator of the thing aloft, as a teacher of how to make the weaker speech the stronger, and as a disbeliever in Zeus and theRead More Justice for All Ages Essay example4920 Words   |  20 Pageswhich to proceed. Following in the footsteps of Plato and Socrates, it seems fitting to do utilize the dialogue format. The dialogue format consists of a conversation in which a discussion ensues, questions are asked, hypotheses are formed and challenged, and hopefully, in the end there is some clearer understanding of the issue at hand. This dialogue takes place on the Isle of the Blessed where the now-immortals Achilles, Socrates, Aristophanes and Euripides live. Lasthenia3, a philosopherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book His Work Memorabilia 1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbook of his work Memorabilia, Xenophon begins by implicitly claiming that he will provide an evaluative account of the persuasiveness of the charges laid against Socrates. Hence, to the extent that the Memorabilia claims to offer a defensive approach towards Socrates, this work bears a line of continuity with Xenophon’s Apology of Socrates to the Jury. The Memorabilia, however, offers a break with the Apology in terms of the method it employs in delivering the Socratic exoneration; it is not a workRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay examples1018 Words   |  5 Pageseverything about their societies from religion to governments. Of course you easily compare this to the time in Ancient Greece where Socrates also criticized everything there was about the society in which he lived in. Moreover, one can compare Socrates thinkery to the salons much visited by Voltaire and Rousseau during the Enlightenment. Socrates in Plato’s Apology criticized his fellow citizens and believed that one should always question everything or else that one personRead MoreSocrates As A Martyr And Socrates927 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy class this semester we spoke a lot about Socrates and his trial. We were required to read the dialogue ‘Apology’ by Plato. The ‘Apology’ Dialogue is what Plato recorded during the speech Socrates gave to the court defending himself against the charges of corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes† these two were the main charges, but underneath that there were also other significant charges such as being considered an antidemocratic or pro-Spartan

Documents of American History Free Essays

There have been a number of amendments within the United States Constitution that have distinguished themselves as having an important and lasting quality, more so than other amendments. The first amendment with its protection of religious freedom, freedom of the press, assembly, speech and petition is seen as the most important. The 2nd amendment which states that a well organized militia is allowed to carry arms and which the Supreme Court has interpreted it to mean all law abiding citizens have the right to carry arms has been a source of debate for many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Documents of American History or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two amendments within the Constitution that are terribly important, yet have been forgotten in the years since its passage. The 14th Amendment, which established citizenship for all persons born within the United States had enormous historical and political implications as it overturns the Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision of 1857, strengthens the 13th Amendment and helps pave the way for the 15th Amendment as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The second important yet forgotten amendment within the Constitution is the 19th Amendment which gives woman the right to vote. This amendment as well has large historical and political implications as well since the current frontrunner in the quest for the Democratic nomination for President is Hillary Clinton: a woman. This modern turn of events would not have been made possible if not only for the 19th amendment but also the decades of protests and all the work on behalf of women’s suffrage that took place. The 14th Amendment states that no state can infringe upon the rights of any person, regardless of their race: â€Å"Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. † This is a key aspect of the text as it helps to strengthen the 13th amendment as well. With the passage of the 13th amendment on January 1, 1863, nothing really changed. The Southern States, who were in rebellion against the Union, felt that they were no longer bound to obey any laws that came out of Washington. The amendment would have to be recognized once the Union won the Civil War and brought the southern states back into the Union. To a lesser degree, the same could be said about the 14th amendment and its relation to its predecessor, the 13th amendment. After the war, there was no longer any slavery and four million African Americans were left at the doorstep of the Federal government while still residing in the Southern states. The great migration of African Americans to the Northern cities was still decades in the future. So as a result, southern legislatures sought to put African Americans back in a type of quasi slavery though oppressive Jim Crow and black code laws. These laws were designed to return blacks to their pre war condition of submission to the white establishment. This was accomplished through restrictive measures that prevented African Americans from suing in court, testifying in court, being a member of a jury as well as being able to own a gun. African Americans were not allowed to gather on a street corner by themselves and racial discrimination regarding public places was understood to be included in these black codes as well. The 14th amendment was passed during Reconstruction. Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated and Vice President Johnson, a southerner from Tennessee had been made president. He was from the south but loathed the south’s actions of rebellion during the civil war. However, those feelings seem to pass as he vetoed nearly every civil rights bill that was passed by Congress during his years in office. It would be these actions by President Johnson that would give him the dubious honor of being the first President to be impeached. He avoided banishment by one vote in the senate but the success of his presidency was over. It is in this context that the 14th amendment was passed since in the end, the 14th amendment is a civil rights bill that would be challenged in the years after its passage. The 14th Amendment did not go as far as the Radical Republicans, as they were called, wanted it to go. The 15th amendment and the 1875 Civil Rights Act, built upon the power that the 13th and 14th amendments went in securing the rights of individuals under the Constitution, regardless of their race. The power of the 14th Amendment would be limited after the Supreme Court outlawed the 1875 Civil Rights Act which was built upon the power of the 14th amendment. The Supreme Court said that only the state was prohibited from infringing upon the Civil Rights of an individual and that private businesses could be allowed to implement such practices as segregation or refusal to rent or sell to an African American if they chose to do so. The power of the 14th Amendment would be further decreased with the 1890 Supreme Court Case Plessey vs. Ferguson. The Supreme Court held that the states could not impose segregation on public places as long as those facilities were â€Å"separate but equal. † There were many at the time of the passage of the 14th amendment and who felt that they were responsible for it passage, who regarded the 14th amendment as having broad powers concerning its ability to give African Americans equal protection and recognition under the law. In the immediate years after the passage of the amendment, this seemed to be more and more, less likely to occur. The original intent of the law and its power would not be seen until the 20th century with such decisions as Brown vs. Board or Education (1954) which stuck down forever, racial discrimination within public places. Another important aspect of the 14 amendment was the fact that since African Americans was now seen as citizens, their representation in Congress needed to be known. The section reads: Section 2. â€Å"Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. † Although not at the immediate time of its passage, this section allows for African Americans, now citizens, to be represented in Congress. This struck down the previous â€Å"three-fifths† clause which states that for political reasons, African Americans would be counted as only 3/5 of a vote and therefore, not seen by the government as a complete person. The 14th amendment, continuing on the theme of Civil Rights, struck down this offensive aspect of the Original Constitution in order to give African Americas, now citizens, the rights afforded to them as citizens of The United States of America. Full rights for African Americans would not be realized for many more decades but the 14th amendment did a great deal in increasing those rights that help each citizen to feel as though they are a part of the democratic process and are recognized in such a capacity. The struggle for women’s suffrage reached its peak during the late 1800s. But the famous 1848 meeting at Seneca Falls New York, directed by Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Lucretia Mott, two giants in the cause for women’s suffrage fought long and hard for the right to be able to vote. The first state to allow women to vote was Wyoming in 1870 and women were even allowed to sit as jurors but there was no federal amendment to protect a woman’s right to vote and the majority of the country did not recognize a woman’s right to vote. The cause for women’s suffrage would enjoy a resurgence during the abolitionist days and the move against slavery. The fight for equal rights for African Americans could not help but remind the female abolitionists that they did not even have some of the rights that the former slaves were bound to receive once their freedom would be won. This came to fruition with help from the 14th Amendment. This amendment not only gave citizenship to all individuals that were born in the United States, meaning four million former slaves would now be considered citizens but also gave voting rights to all males in the country. In May 1869, the National Woman Suffrage Association was founded by Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The organization set out to win a national amendment which would grant women the right to vote. In November 1869, the American Woman Suffrage Association was formed and fought for both state and federal woman suffrage amendments. This helped lay the groundwork for the national campaigns in Washington D. C. in 1912. In 1917, the Susan B. Anthony Federal Suffrage amendment was placed before the House. In 1919, both houses of Congress approved the amendment and it went to the state legislatures for ratification. The approval of thirty six states were needed before the suffrage amendment could become law and surprisingly, the states moved with surprising speed and in August 1920, the 19th Amendment became part of the Constitution. The wording of the amendment reads as such: The right of citizens in the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Both the 14th and 19th Amendments expand the rights of an important segment of the population. Such amendments have been forgotten because the rights that they protect are seen as never having a starting point for a large segment of the population that seems oblivious to anything that has happened before they were born. Recently, a popular comedy television show, had as one of its comedy pieces, set up a table outside of a busy walkway and sought out women to sign a petition: â€Å"To end Women’s Suffrage. † An alarming number of women as well as men signed the petition, possibly confusing suffrage for suffering. It is due to this amazing level of ignorance that the history, wording and influence of these above mentioned amendments be reintroduced into the nation’s consciousness. The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote but it also told women what they already knew: that they were an important aspect of the American democratic system and that their involvement was required. Women then became governors, senators, representatives, Supreme Court judges and in 2008, possibly the next President of the United States. The 19th Amendment helped make all of this come to fruition, along with the dedication and perseverance of a lot of women and men as well. The 14th amendment is also one of those amendments whose forgotten memory serves as an impediment to every American who assumes that they ways that things are today, is how they have always been. In this manner, history’s importance is all too often underestimated as ignorance breeds apathy for the works and sacrifice of others who came before. When Americans think of civil rights, they think of Martin Luther King Jr. Rosa Parks and perhaps even Jesse Jackson. But the study of civil rights must first start in the 18th and 19th century if at all. â€Å"The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments which greatly increased the rights for all peoples, regardless of their race as well as the 19th amendment, all had their origins in the 19th century. † And as it is with most amendments, its origins are seen years and decades before its actual passage and many times, opens the door for further legislation in the future. The 14th and 19th amendments are two examples of this. Sadly, America’s heroes are based more upon pop culture and the every day actions of Britney Spears and Paris Hilton. More is known about their unimportant lives than the sacrifices of Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Susan B. Anthony despite the fact that their actions have a more encompassing and important affect on their lives than pop culture ever will, or at least should. Every amendment within the Constitution should be studied and recognized for what it is and does. This is especially true for the 14th and 19th amendments. WORKS CITED Commanger, Henry Steele. Documents of American History. New York: Century Publishers, 1947 Perry, Michael. We the People. The 14th Amendment and the Supreme Court. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. The Supreme Court. PBS Video: Thirteen Production. February 24, 2007 How to cite Documents of American History, Papers

Marco Polo free essay sample

Marco Polo became famous for his many travels, starting with a trip to Asia that began in 1271. His book about his travels became one of the most famous travel books in history. THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Marco Polo They called him â€Å"the man with a million stories. † People flocked to Marco Polo’s home to hear him tell exciting tales about his travels in distant lands. Marco Polo won fame for his journeys across Asia. He wrote a book about his travels that became one of the most famous travel guides in history. EARLY LIFE Marco Polo was born in 1254 to a family of merchants. His home was Venice, Italy. Venetian merchants bought and sold valuable Chinese goods, including precious silk cloth. Such goods were brought to Europe along an ancient route known as the Silk Road. The merchants also used the route to travel east on trading missions. We will write a custom essay sample on Marco Polo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marco’s mother died when he was a young boy. His family taught him to be a merchant. He learned how to read, write, calculate, and use foreign money. In 1269, Marco’s father and uncle, Niccolo and Maffeo, returned to Venice after visiting China. In China, they had met the Mongol conqueror Kublai Khan. The khan invited the Polos to return. He asked them to bring Christian scholars to explain the Christian religion to him. TRIP TO CHINA In 1271, Niccolo and Maffeo set out for China again. Marco, then 17 years old, joined his father and uncle for the trip. Two priests also traveled with the Polos. But the route was dangerous, and the priests soon turned back. It took the Polos four difficult years to reach China. The journey led across deserts and high mountains. They passed through wild countryside where bandits lurked, ready to rob and kill. They braved heat and cold, floods, deep snowdrifts, and blinding sandstorms. At last they reached the summer palace of Kublai Khan at Shangdu. The khan welcomed the Polos warmly. He offered Marco a job. Marco accepted, and the Polos lived in China for the next 17 years. Marco traveled on many special missions across the khan’s kingdom and to distant lands. When Marco returned from his missions, he told the khan vivid stories about the people and lands he visited. Over time, the Polos worried that Kublai Khan would not allow them to leave. Several times they had asked the khan for permission to return to Europe. But the khan enjoyed his visitors so much that he would not grant their wish. Finally, the khan changed his mind. Marco Polo’s Journey This illustration shows Marco Polo—along with his father, Niccolo, and his uncle Maffeo—beginning their famous trip from Italy to China in 1271. THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE/Corbis Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Kublai Khan and Marco Polo Marco Polo became famous for his travels to China and for his service to the Mongol Empire. In this illustration, the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan presents his golden seal to Marco Polo and his party. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris/Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. RETURN TO VENICE In 1292, Kublai Khan asked Marco to escort a Mongol princess to Persia. The Polos traveled by ship from China to the Persian Gulf. Then the Polos headed for Venice, finally reaching home in 1295. Marco had been away so long that nobody recognized him! We know about Marco’s travels because, in 1298, he became a prisoner of war. He shared his cell with a writer named Rustichello, who helped Marco turn his stories into a book. Rustichello added some details of his own. But much of Marco’s book seems to be true! Marco Polo returned to Venice after his release from prison. He died in 1324. But his book remained popular for centuries. Merchants, mapmakers, and explorers all looked to the book for information about Asian lands. Even the navigator Christopher Columbus owned a copy! Reference Marco Polo. (2009). Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. In text: (â€Å"Marco Polo,† 2009).

Struggle for Blacks Rights After Civil War Essay Example For Students

Struggle for Blacks Rights After Civil War Essay After the Civil War and the emancipation proclamation by lincoln the slaves of america were free. This was a huge step in making our country truly free to all people. The reconstruction of the south did not however work out smoothly for the freed slaves. There were many road blocks along the way such as the â€Å"Black Codes†, the Plessy vs. Ferguson case and the terror of the Ku Klux Klan. The 14th amendment gave the freed slaves citizenship and some voting rights. From the reconstruction the 14th amendment the â€Å"black Codes† and the Plessy vs. Ferguson case all had significance on the status of african americans from reconstructoin to 1900. We will write a custom essay on Struggle for Blacks Rights After Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The radical republicans method of reconstruction called for an amendment that would do three things. Extend citizenship for all people. Punnish the southern representation in the house if they didn’t alow black voting, and not allowing and former confederates to hold office. These three things made up the 14th amendment. Also in the radical republican reconstruction plan was the idea of station military in the south. This was very effective in giving the blacks their rights. Unfortunally when the miltary left the rights of the blacks went with them. the white supremecists treated the south as 2nd class people and were not given oppertunities to get any jobs but manual labor. Also the kkk was formed to scare away blacks from voting and keep them in their so called place, the plantation. The 14th amendment was a good thought, but it did not work out how the radical republicans had hoped going into the 1900’sAfter lincoln was shot in december of 1965, vice president andrew johnson took over office. He was a southern man and was not interested in blacks having the same rights as white people. Infact he incouraged southern states to inact laws limiting the blacks freedom. These laws were called â€Å"black codes†. They ranged in harshness through out the states but in all they were in credibly restricting. Blacks were forced to sign a contract for a laborer at the beginning of each year and could not break his contract even if his boss was abusing him. Also there was vagrancey laws which prohibited freed slaves from even walking on city streets. They were a fined and made to work off there debts. The â€Å"black codes† slowed down the evolution of equality between the races consistantly going into the 1900’sAnother very important factor in black history was the Plessy vs. Ferguson supreme court case in 1896 which ruled that segragation is not nessseceraly descrimination and that blacks and whites should be separate but equal, this was mainly a factor in southern schools, whites got 70% of state funding or more for schools. While black children were forced to school in a shack. Blacks were also forced to use different public bathrooms and waterfountains. In 1890 2/3 of blacks were illiterate in the USA. 60% of southern whites won to schools and only 35% of blacks did. This shows that separate was rarly equal. The separate but equal issue continued well into the 20th century. These threee factors have been very important in the evolution in blacks in america. How can stilll see the effects today. Only 40 to 50 years ago blacks were still forced to use different restrooms and water fountains. Bibliography:

Print Any Type of Document Using Delphi

Print Any Type of Document Using Delphi If your Delphi application needs to operate on various types of files, one of the tasks you might have for your application is to allow the user of the application to print a file, whatever the file type is. Most document-oriented applications, like MS Word, MS Excel or Adobe can easily print documents created in that program. For example, Microsoft Word saves the text you write in documents with DOC extension. Since Word determines what is the raw contents of a .DOC file it knows how to print .DOC files. The same applies for any known file type holding some printable information. What if you need to print various types of documents/files from your application? Can you know how to send the file to the printer in order for it to be printed correctly? Print From Delphi We can ask Windows what application can print, for example, a PDF file. Or, even better, we can tell Windows, heres one PDF file, send it to the application associated / in charge of printing PDF files. To do this, open up Windows Explorer, navigate to a directory containing some printable files. For most of the file types on your system, when you right-click a file in Windows Explorer, you will locate the Print command. Executing the Print shell command will result in the file being sent to the default printer. Well, thats exactly what we want: for a file type, call a method that will send the file to the associated application for printing. The function we are after is the ShellExecute API function. ShellExecute: Print / PrintTo However, ShellExecute can do much more. ShellExecute can be used to launch an application, open Windows Explorer, initiate a search beginning in the specified directory, and- whats of greatest interest to us- print the specified file. Specify Printer Using the above call, a document document.doc located on the root of the C drive will be sent to the Windows default printer. ShellExecute always uses the default printer for the print action. What if you need to print to a different printer, what if you want to allow the user to change the printer? The PrintTo Shell Command Before you copy and paste: the Printer global variable (TPrinter type) available in all Delphi programs can be used to manage any printing performed by an application. The printer is defined in the printers unit, ShellExecute is defined in the shellapi unit. Drop a TComboBox on a form. Name it cboPrinter. Set Style to csDropDownLidtPut the next two lines in the forms OnCreate even handler: //have available printers in the combo boxcboPrinter.Items.Assign(printer.Printers);//pre-select the default / active printercboPrinter.ItemIndex : printer.PrinterIndex; use to print any document type to a specified printer Note: some document types do not have an application associated with printing. Some do not have the printto action specified.

Grant Review and Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grant Review and Evaluation - Essay Example The scrutiny is necessary because I will not entrust an unknown organization (Sargeant & Lee, 2004) with my money and I need to ensure that I am giving my money to the people who will use it for human welfare only. Frankly speaking I do not trust the organization at this point and will need proof of its effectiveness regarding the ability to serve suffering children in the future. The human value of compassion has compelled me to grant you the money (Canda, 1988) because I have to respond to the noble cause of serving unfortunate children; but I can practice compassion by granting you the least possible amount and my compassion will grow as your operations will expand and become more effective in attainment of the objectives. I am talking openly in this regard due to my sincere intentions and wishes to see your organization in a better and respectable position and I want you to give me more reason to give you more funds. To prove your claim of serving the unfortunate children, you actions and their consequences should bring forth positive results; which are as yet lacking. Furthermore, I pardon about my extremely ruthless behavior but I feel that my actions are necessary in order to make you thrive as an organization. I would like you to work hard in order to win the confidence of donors, thus paving the way for further funding. I wish you good luck in your quest for excellence in the field of humanitarian relief activities. Additionally, I request you to arrange my visit of the facility you are running so that I can evaluate your outlook and performance as it may motivate me to offer more funding in the future. Moreover, to evaluate the living conditions of the children living at your establishment, I need to interview a few children. This will enable me to get a first-hand knowledge of the conditions of the children who are being supported by your

Sexual Assault of a Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sexual Assault of a Child - Essay Example Also, of the estimated 766,686 missing juveniles in the United States last year, including abductees, runaways and abandoned "throwaways," 16 percent likely were victims of sexual exploitation (Spun, 2002). Â  The clinical explanations of sexual abuse are linked to decrees, the directing the belief is whether the encounter has a shocking impact on the child. Not all sexual encounters suffered by children do. The distressing impact is usually influenced by the significance of the act to the child, which may alter as the child progresses through developmental phases. Â  Sexual abuse comprises of but is not restricted to, viewing a child pornographic resources, placing the child's hand on another person's genitals, touching a child's genitals, or penetration of any orifice of a child's body with a penis, finger, or an article of any kind. Penetration does not have to take place for it to be sexual abuse. Â  Sexual abuse can take place anywhere, at any occasion, including in front of other people who do not, or prefer to not see. Sexual abuse has horrifying consequences on children. Children who have been sexually abused undergo overwhelming mental breakdown and at times death. The children build up distrust and will have troubles in their future relationships. In addition, sexual abuse makes sexual abusers. Â  The impact of sexual abuse accomplishes all levels of a child's sentiments. Confusion is frequently the early response of the child. Once the abuse starts the victim undergoes an incredible disagreement with their emotions. They feel pleasing due to the awareness they are getting from the parent, as well as the bodily satisfaction. Conversely, they undergo pain, guiltiness, and annoyance for what is being done. Â  Child victims of sexual abuse suffer far worse trauma if they think images of their ordeals are distributed on the internet, a Welsh conference will hear today. The shame of being seen in pictures of abuse passed among pedophiles leaves children with a heavier psychological burden (Internet Images Make Child Abuse Trauma Burden Worse, 2004). Â  The abused will feel remarkable guiltiness for various reasons. They think they did nothing to prevent the abuse, as a result, they are accountable and it should carry on. They felt painful but the abuse was sometimes pleasing. They one way or another deserved or caused the abuse. Â  A victim will generally feel this manner when their confidence has reduced and they have no more responses to what is happening. Â  Another most important foundation of guiltiness comes from the mother. Frequently when the mother is told regarding the mistreatment she will not want to think the charges and will hold responsible the child. Â  

The Lais Of Marie De France English Literature Essay

The Lais Of Marie De France English Literature Essay Adultery has always been seen as morally wrong. However, marriage has been seen as a sacred institution that is shared by most of the people and religions of the world. In Marie de Frances Lais, we are given insight to five adulterous affairs, six pre-marital sexual encounters, and one instance of impure thoughts. Marie de Frances writing allows readers to feel sympathy with the adulterers. Her lays are separated into two different categories. In the one category, readers feel empathy and compassion for the couple, as seen in Yonec and Lanval. In the second category, there is a combined idea of sympathy and disdain, as seen in Bisclaveret and Equitan. Marie de Frances lais focus on sex outside of marriage. However, the affairs that take place are often rewarded with children, wealth, healing, and loving marriages. In Marie de Frances first lai, Yonec tells the tale of a young woman who is kept locked away in a tower by her rich and old husband. We are told that he kept her there more than seven years (37), and that she was never allowed to come down not even for a relative, not for a friend (40). The young woman, who had no contact with anyone other than her husbands sister, began to let herself go. She lost her beauty, as a lady would (48). We begin to feel sympathetic for the young woman. Although her marriage to the man is sacred, we see the situation as cruel and unjust. When we are told that her beauty is fading, we feel a desire to see her made whole again. God, who have power over all, Please hear, please answer now my call (62-63). The young woman, although already married, prays that God will send her someone. A hawk soon appears and transforms into a knight. The affair seems acceptable to us because it is as though God has answered her prayer. The adulterous affair becomes even more acceptable in our eyes when we realize that their affair is not about only sex, but that they share a deep and tender love. The love that these lovers share brings the woman back to life. When the husband learns of the affair, he kills the knight. The woman is heartbroken until she learns that she is pregnant and will give birth to a son who Someday he will kill his and her enemy, be there avenger (102). When the son grows up and learns of his real father, he kills his stepfather. The poem concludes by saying All they once suffered for their love (158). Although the poem perhaps does not turn out the way we would like it to, we are left with a sense of happiness in the end. The next lai, Lanval, tells much of the same type of story. A distraught knight, who is frequently overlooked for his service, meets two women while wandering around. These two women bring the knight to their maiden who is waiting for him. The lady had a tender love for Lanval and has traveled very far in order to be with him. When Lanval hears this, he tells her All others for you I abandon (55). This begins their love affair. Being that they are not married and therefore should not be together so intimately, we dont see what theyre doing as wrong until much later. The lady tells Lanval that she much never tell anyone about her or she will leave him, so when he refuses Queen Guineveres advances, he is accused of being a homosexual. In order to disprove her accusations, Lanvel quickly brags about his lady and insults the queens beauty. King Author, hearing of this altercation, says that Lanval much face a trial and prove his claims. Lanval is distraught and cries out for her to come to him but she does not. As the trial nears its end, two of the womans servants appear. Lanval claims that Her serving maidsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Is better than you are, Lady Queen (106-108), is proven and shortly after this, his lover appears. The crowd feels that she is just the most beautiful girl, of all girls living in the world (137-138). In the end, Lanval and the woman end up together and we feel as if justice has been served. Even though the lovers are not married and marriage is not even suggested, we are still satisfied that the two lovers are able to be together. Unlike the first two lais, the next two belong to a different category. Bisclaveret is a lai in which an adulterous affair takes place which can only be viewed as negative. In this poem, a seemingly happy couple He loved her, she him (24), end up apart and as enemies. Every week for three days, the man disappears and the unnamed lady has no idea when he goes. The man finally reveals his dark secret of being a werewolf with his wife. Instead of remaining true to her husband and loving him, she began to look elsewhere. She refused to share his bed anymore, and in turn made herself the lover of a man who had loved her for a long time. Knowing her husbands secret, the woman now knew that all she had to do was hide his clothes for him to become forever trapped as a werewolf. This lais is unlike the other lais because we do not feel sympathy for the woman having the affair, but for the husband. The man did not have to share his secret with his wife, but he wanted to be faithful and honest. In return, the wife betrays him and begins an an adulterous affair with another man. Although the other affairs in the lais were morally wrong, the extenuating circumstances that surrounded the women and men made them more acceptable. In this story, the wronged man gains revenge. The Bisclaveret is taken in by the King and is kept there until he comes in contact with his estranged wife and her husband. Though he had not ever hurt a human, he attacks both of them and bites the nose off of his wife. The king demands that she bring him his clothes and he is transformed into a man again. As a result, the womens children are born without noses and the former husband has the greatest revenge. The adultery that takes place in this story, although the wife and lover do get married, is never looked upon approvingly. The circumstances that surrounded this story never allowed for us to feel any kind of sympathy for the woman at all. As tragic as it might have been that her husband was a werew olf, it was when she plotted maliciously against her husband that we felt nothing but disdain for her. In the final lai, Equitan is much like Bisclaveret. The King of Nauns desires his seneschals wife. She is described as beautiful in face and figure (49), and the king says that he loves her. He tells the lady For her, he is near his doom (75). He tells the woman that he wants her to be his lover, but allows her to think about it. The King offers to marry her if ever he husband were to die and there is so much love that accept the affair. However, we begin to feel contempt for the couple when the woman begins to plot the death of her husband. Her plan to kill her husband backfires when he finds out about their affair. As a result, the king dies by his own hand and his lover by her husband. Any sympathy that we might have felt for this couple disappears once ill will is plotted towards the husband Marie de France creates poems that tell stories of true love, betrayal, and adultery. She presents us with situations in which we decide for ourselves whether or not they are right or wrong. We feel sympathy and understanding for the couples in some lais, while we feel disdain and contempt in others. Sympathy arises in the situations where there are cruel and unusual circumstances, while contempt develops when mischief and evil are plotted. One moment as we read, we as readers are hoping the couples end up together, while the next moment we are hoping for revenge. In the end, Marie de Frances lais take us on a wonderful journey that is filled with many exciting highs and disastrous lows.

Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment: Character Analysis Essay

Despite how easy it may be to misconstrue Dr. Heidegger’s intentions for evil, he truly is a kind hearted man with a passion that drives his dedication for the work he does. Dr. Heidegger wants nothing more than to analyze his friends for the sake of experiment. There is no hostility or alterior motive. Before they begin, he states, â€Å"With your permission, therefore, I will merely watch the progress of the experiment.† There is not a clearer way to articulate the intentions he has to observe the effects of the elixir. Dr. Heidegger even gives a fair warning to his friends that they would benefit from this experiment if they went into it with a set of guidelines in order to prevent the repetition of tragedy. Colenal Killigrew, Mr. Gascoin, and Widow Wycherly all see this as an experience while Dr. Heidegger’s excitement lies in the fact that he created a completely original experiment and has the honor to execute it using people he is close to. It is true that from this process Dr. Heidegger learned a very valuable lesson, however, his friends were more than just guinea pigs to him. In his eyes, a lesson cannot be learned without proper steps. This logic should not be confused with the idea that he wants any harm or misery plaved on his subjects. In the mind of a great man of science like Dr. Heidegger there is no hidden purpose to his actions, there is simply a plan, an observation, an analysis, and a conclusion. His morals are unsoiled, there is not much more a scientist needs than a successful experiment.

Benjamin Franklin’s Satire

Benjamin Franklin, a prominent actor of the 18th century political scene and one of Founding Fathers of the United States. Owing to his diplomatic talents, Franklin represented the interests of the colony in the British Royal Court. His interests, however, were diverse and included literature as well as writing tracts and political articles.Being aware of the necessity of nurturing tolerance to and acceptance of individuals of different cultural backgrounds in the new independent state, Franklin created a number of satirical works, dedicated to multiculturalism. In order to support his general argument in favor of the diversity policy, the author uses numerous literary techniques, including comparison/contrast, characterization and tone, which the present paper is designed to analyze.â€Å"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America† (1784) contain a number of instances of comparison and contrast, intended as the tools o f demonstrating that the culture of Native Americans is valuable equally to the colonists’ mode of life, in spite of the distinctions: â€Å"Savages we call them, because their Manners differ from ours, which we think the Perfection of Civility, they think the same of theirs† (Franklin, at http://www. mith2. umd. edu, 2005, par. 1). As one can interpret, the author observes that the so-called savages also have their own national and cultural dignity, despite the dissimilarity of their lifestyle.In addition, the scholar implies that the cultural patterns, learned early in the childhood, are actually used as most appropriate and suitable, regardless of the existing cultural context the person enters (Wright, 1990). It needs to be noted that the author wisely approaches to the comparison of cultures and mentions such dimensions (or criteria) as the views on governance, social life, ethics and morality as well as gender roles. Thus, discussing the two perspectives on governance, the author first and foremost claims that the political power in the Native society doesn’t have the apparatus of compulsion and law enforcement.Neither has it any units of punishment. Due to the fact that the author also observes that all members of these communities are perfectly knowledgeable about their roles, freedoms and responsibilities, such units appear needless, so the author implies his positive surprise with such a microcosm, as the 19th century American society was greatly dependent upon countless regulations and thus complicated in nature, whereas the Native Americans, as one can interpret the argument, construct no weighty superstructures and simplify their political life, which is, however, described as â€Å"democratic† (Lemay, 1986, p.91). For instance, everyone, with no exceptions, is allowed to participate in councils: â€Å"Having frequent occasions to hold public Councils, they have acquired great Order and Decency in conducting them. The old Men sit in the foremost Ranks, the warriors in t he next, and the Women and children in the hindmost† (Franklin, at http://www. mith2. umd. edu, 2005, par. 3). This strict order is never violated, as opposed to the atmosphere in the British House of Commons, in which â€Å"havoc and confusion† (Wright, 1990, p.264) often act as the major components. Furthermore, the savages, as the author observes, always manage to allocate time for both job and leisure and their spiritual development is therefore never-ending, whereas it is recognized that the American institutions are â€Å"slavish and base† (Franklin, at http://www. mith2. umd. edu, 2005, par. 3) in terms of the frames of the personal freedom and spare time. Thus, the society, depicted in the tract, has the advantage of the constant self-improvement, in contrast to New England.In his sense, the writer allows his contemporaries to look at the Native community from a different angle: they are not lazy or poorly civilized, but rather treasure the value of freed om and thus avoid any institutionalizations and bureaucracies (Lemay, 1986). The final key point of comparison is ethos and social norms of politeness in the groups of the â€Å"savages†. In fact, all of them are strictly organized and extremely polite in interpersonal, social and international relations: for instance, it is unacceptable to interrupt the speaker during meetings, so everyone keeps silence.On the contrary, in the House of Commons, â€Å"scarce a Day passes without some Confusion, that makes the speaker hoarse in calling to order† (Franklin, at http://www. mith2. umd. edu, 2005, par. 4). Furthermore, the â€Å"savages† are very patient to the other religions, conversely to New English missionaries, who persistently impose Christian beliefs upon the aboriginal communities. Thus, the author implies that instead of judging the ethics of the other culture, it is necessary to correct the imperfections in the existing norms in the â€Å"civilized† society.Characterization is used in order to increase the attractiveness of the Native culture or promote it to the reasonable degree. Notably, the most important terms of characterization are capitalized, so that it is clear which qualities are emphasized (Wright, 1990): â€Å"By this means they indeed avoid Disputes, but then it becomes difficult to know their Minds, or what Impression you make upon them† (Franklin, 2005, par. 4). Therefore, one can underline the following qualities of the indigenous individuals: patience, self-control and interest in common peace.The most prominent point of characterization, used by the author, it the enthusiastic and inspiring description of their hospitality and generosity. It is clear from the writing that they provide their guests with the best facilities available, moreover, their principles ban them from attacking guests unless they behave violently. In this sense, the author implies that the visitors, in turn, not always appreciate warm welcomes, referring probably to the first encounter between colonists and the Natives, celebrated nowadays as the Thanksgiving Day.Finally, the humorous tone of particular episodes determines the absurdity of the English educational and religious programs, â€Å"kindly offered† (Wright, 1990, p. 266) to the indigenous society. One of the stories, for instance, describe the uselessness of the enlightenment (in the Western understanding) of the Natives: â€Å"Several of our Young People were formerly brought up at the college of the Northern Provinces; they were instructed in all your sciences; but when they came back to us, they were bad runners, ignorant of every means of living in the Woods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ( Franklin, 2005, par. 3).As one can understand, the efforts towards educating the Natives without teaching them the natural life skills appears ridiculous. Another interesting narrative depicts a Swedish Minister, who tries to address the Biblical legend about the Cre ation in his lecture, but the practical and level-headed Natives respond that Eve acted unreasonably when eating apples as she could have done cider of them. Thus, the Christian mission is also fallible, as the tribes have much older and more usable religious and spiritual doctrines, which have conditioned their survival in the wilderness and supported them in their daily routines.To sum up, the use of contrast and comparison, as one can conclude from the analysis, is determined by the author’s willingness to show that the conceptual paradigm of the Native society equally deserves its existence and recognition, instead of the â€Å"Savages† label. Characterization as a technique is employed in order to create a positive emotional impression of the indigenous community as a group of hospitable, tolerant and broad-minded people.Finally, episodes of particularly humorous tone are included so that the ineptitude of the government efforts towards â€Å"civilizing† th e tribes is emphasized. Works cited Franklin, B. â€Å"Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America†. 28 June 2005, Lemay, J. The Canon of Benjamin Franklin, 1722-1776: New Attributions and Reconsiderations. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1986. Wright, E. Benjamin Franklin: His Life as He Wrote It. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.

Real Gross Domestic Product Of The United States And...

Real Gross Domestic Product Real Gross Domestic Product is the measure of the economy’s output of goods and services over a specific period of time. It is usually measured in comparison to the GDP’s of previous years. For instance, if a year-to-year Gross Domestic Product goes up by 2 percent, it is said that the economy has grown by 2 percent. On a more basic level, Gross Domestic Product can be measured by adding everyone’s earnings in a year or what everyone spent. This is known as the income approach and the expenditure approach. In 1942, Americas first Gross Domestic Product was published mainly for economic accountability. At the time, the United States was in the midst of the Great Depression. It was called Gross National Product,†¦show more content†¦The unemployment rate was high in 2009 after the US Housing Bubble burst. Unemployment is measured by sampling reports of staff on an employer’s payroll. Another form of measure for unemployment is through phone survey in which households are asked whether they are looking for a job or working. This information helps the Bureau of Labor Statistics to complete the percentage of unemployment. In order to be labeled unemployed, one must be looking for a job, laid-off waiting to be recalled or out of work completely. The US government began documenting unemployment in the 1950s. The highest rate of unemployment was after the great depression and World War II. The reason why I place unemployment second on the list of five economic factors is because it’s an indicator of the overall satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the American people. Unemployment drives Gross Domestic Product and the economy because without employment there would be low consumer spending, which is a key growth drive in the economy. Unemployment forces the government to infuse money into the economy for unemployment benefits which could potential lead to a recession. 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